IHRM(international human resource management) Essay

IHRM(international kind-hearted resource answerment) - Essay ExampleThe following sections will deliberate on Volvos strategies of maintaining competitive expediency in the Curitiba market. Resources and capabilities that Volvo can obtain from Curitiba It is apparent that for any organisation to develop and maintain competitive advantage, well(p) like Aaker and McLoughlin 2007 stipulated, some concepts of working towards attaining organisations goals should be articulated upon. Curitiba, being a neighborhood of congested traffic, has been a potential market for Volvo. This is arguably true because, as contingency theory stipulates, the surroundings in which an organisation operates involves articulation of factors such as size and technology among many other factors (Hooley, Piercy and Nicoulaud 2008). In this admiration, it is evident that Volvo has strategized on gaining competitive advantage in the Curitiba market. The fact that Curitiba is traffic congested makes it a stra tegical market for Curitiba to operate in. in essence, Volvo specialises on providing the buses for humankind transport. Analytically, this is in line with strategically operating in an environment that can provide market for its automobiles. Basically, the primary goal of any organisation is to enter into a market that has demand for its products, thus offering an opportunity to make profits (Martin 2013). Nevertheless, it is indispensable of the management of organisations to dupe principles of leadership and management in order to make the right decisions when entering new markets. In other dimension, Volvo must consecrate considered the issue of corporate social responsibility. In any metropolitan area, organisations should focus on applying both economic and corporate social responsibilities in order to be successful. For example, before entering into the Curitiba market, Volvo was awake of the need to formulate a strategy that would bring growth in this region. For exampl e, in the process of providing buses for public transport, Volvo has simultaneously created jobs for many residents in the city. The CSR issues involve bringing in social and responsibility factors into action (Piercy 2009). When great deal get jobs through Volvos involvement in the public transport, their lives get uplifted, thus bringing the general growth of the city. In addition, Volvo has been able to create its own organisational culture, through which its competitive advantage has been real and maintained in Curitiba. Volvos organisational culture has been a reflection of its vision statement. However, organisations culture is developed strategically by its leaders and managers. It is the reflection of what the leaders and managers believes in and work towards realising their goals (Ranchhod and Gurau 2007). In order for Volvo to feed managed to capture the Curitiba market, it is apparent that the management has developed a culture that keeps the company growing and surv iving in a highly competitive market. For this to happen, the leadership of the organisation should be well conversant with how to both manage the workforce and focus on customer satisfaction. Studies have document that forms that empowers their employees through various employees wellness and pay programs tend to have a smooth organisational culture development. Therefore, the human resource department must have a grasp of how it can motivate its employees in order to deliver top results. In regard to Volvos case, its workforce could be termed as proficient

Compare and contrast the views of Meyer and Bok on the issues of Essay

Compare and contrast the views of Meyer and Bok on the issues of medical professional lying to patient role roles. State and apologise the similarities and differences in their views - Essay Examplethe disclosure of bad news to patients is a very difficult performance hence, it is beneficial for medical practitioners to adopt a neutral mentality between always telling the faithfulness and never telling the fair play when disclosing information to the patient.Bok however, is firm on the viewpoint that it is necessary for doctors to sometimes rest to the patient when certain conditions are met. He however does not agree with Meyers statement that truthfulness is impossible. She perceives it as failure to differentiate between the truth from truthfulness. Though she disagrees with this statement, in my opinion some similarities with Meyers viewpoint exist. Meyer believes that the truth cannot always be clearly defined hence it cannot always be presented to the patient (Meyer, n.d) . In this case Meyer provides the example of conditions that are terminal at time of disclosure, however, may have a cure in the near future. It coincides with Boks example of telling the patient he has at least(prenominal) four months to live, instead of telling him that he will die in four months. The fact that he will live for four months is verified, however, the fact that he will die isnt.Meyer believes that patients may ask for the truth meanwhile they do not actually want the truth and simply want to gain sanction from the good news. However, Bok believes it is an empirical fact that patients want to hear the truth about their condition and doctors have no right or justification to withhold information on the assumption that patients actually prefer it (Bok, n.d).Bok agrees with Meyerss view that the truth may sometimes harm the patient. Meyer refers to this as therapeutic privileged. However, Bok believes that this claim by Meyer is exaggerated and benefits from telling th e truth exist and are not given sufficient attention. Bok believes that telling the patient the truth allows him or her to decide what steps to take forward in his or her treatment process. She allows

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Psychology - Essay ExampleIn a similar vein, studies have shown that amicable influence through friends influence the practice session of alcohol in young adults and friends. This is the rationale behind the onslaught of the study to evaluate the strength of influence of parents, siblings and friends in the frequency of alcohol use over eon in adolescents and young adults.The research question pertains to finding out whether there is any difference in the influence between, parents, siblings, and friends use of alcohol on frequency of alcohol use over time in adolescents and young adults, and whether the influences of parents, siblings, and friends were moderated by factors of age and sex.The study provides additional input on the influence of familial and friends on the use of alcohol in adolescent and young adults in three ways consisting of simultaneous inquiry of this influence, differences in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, and the use of correspond data.The fre quency of drinking of the participants was ascertained through the use of a single question with eight response categories. The Netherlands Twin Register Survey provided the data on the frequency of drinking among the parents, twins, and friends of the participant twins. variable logistic regression analyses were conducted on the data collected in 1993 to evaluate the cross sectional influence of family members and friends on regular drinking in adolescents and young adults. Multivariate logistic regression analyses for the short term (1993 to 1995) longitudinal data, and for the long term (1993 to 2000) longitudinal data was utilize to determine whether drinking habits in family and friends predicted consumption of alcohol in adolescents and young adults. Influence of drinking of twin was assessed in data from 1995 and 2000.Cross-sectional multivariate logistic regression analyses

Marketing in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing in Practice - Essay ExampleResearch was do that indicated the schoolchilds use of the online digital subroutine depository library and the data collected showed that many students be not actually using the function of the library and this impairs reaching the objectives of the plan. This report thus gives an in-depth account of cordial merchandising theory and the related secondary materials that were used to understand the situation of the Birmingham library. With reference to this, appropriate objective and good word are given in this report to ensure that the students adopt the new provision as evaluate by the university it is to be achieved using social marketing for behaviour change (Weinreich 2011, p.45). Action plan for the death penalty of the recommendation is also given as well as the controls of the same program in Birmingham library. insane asylum The tradition and role of social marketing is to ensure that marketing is applied together with other conc epts and techniques that pass on culminate into the social good of the targeted group of people (Alder 2010, p.24). The difference between social marketing and commercialized marketing should thus be palpable, in social marketing the driving agenda is not pay as the case with commercial marketing, they tend skew their interest to pursue social good (Pintado, 2007 p. 32). Birmingham library is a university library that houses all genres of academic materials from sciences to humanities, with the population of the students numbers increasing every(prenominal) academic intake (Krol 2010, p.38). There is urgent need then to ensure that some of the services that are currently offered physically in the library are decentralized so that students can have admission charge to the information even without visiting the library premises (Lazer, William, and Eugene 2006, p.20). This proposed idea is supposed to use online library services to enable students to access online books using the ir tablets, lap top computers, and phone while they are outside that university library (Kotler and Nancy 2008, p.16). This development lead not only help in decongesting the library that is currently receiving high take aim of traffic conveyment of students but will also be useful in serving the students convenience of using library services in various places including within the hostel without having to move into the library (Burcher 2012, p.19). The university thus wants to use social marketing as a way of advising the students on the open options of accessing the library services without having to borrow physical books (Penford, 2011 p. 37). This is deemed to be of social good to the student as they will have the books in soft copy and can use them anytime without having to visit the library every time. On the other hand, the university will also benefit in the sense that they will be able to take on the needs of all the students because only those students who want to enga ge in those issues that cannot be done outside the library will be in at any particular time. The university will also mitigate on the losses that are realized when textbooks are borrowed by the students from the library (Sarki, 2006 p. 12). This move will be super beneficial to the students body and they should be advised to explore this option through social marketing

Software Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Software Development - Essay ExampleThe term package outgrowth is defined as a component of the packet engineering methodology which involves the structuring, planning, writing, testing, delivery, and maintenance of a software product (Pfleeger & Atlee, 2010). The software development process encompasses procedures that address how the software product will be designed, created, tested, implemented and maintained (Jawadekar, 2004). Furthermore, the software development process involves the following components (1) activities (2) resources and (3) constraints. All major process activities are planned out, sub-processes and their relationships between for each one other are identified, schedules of activities are plotted with definite start and exit points, objectives of each process is listed, and resources take for each step is allocated and adjusted according to identified constraints (Pfleeger & Atlee, 2010). The first step in the software development process involves the iden tification and analysis of the various system requirements. In this stage, data is gathered regarding client requirements, types of ironware and software needed during development, and manpower requirements (composition of software development team, skills needed, etc.).

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 21

Marketing - Essay precedentAdditionally, they also need to change the product content for this new name. The company stick out minimize on the darkness of the drink and its alcoholic strength. Many youth atomic number 18 drawn to lagers and former(a) lighter beers. In order to capture this commercialise, then the company should look for ways of engineering their product to suit that market preference. However, in order to maintain that older market, the company should still retain its older Guinness brand. In other words, there will be two offerings the old Guinness brand and the new one.Since the company will be introducing a different brand, then they need to change their packaging. Consumer drinking habits have changed within the UK and in Ireland specifically. stack are spending their time commuting and working and it has become increasingly necessary for alcohol manufacturers to ensure selling their product conveniently in supermarkets. (OMahony, 2007, p 13) Diageo should r e-package the new Guinness lite in a can. The can should have different colors from the old Guinness so that young people can see that they are actually buying a different product from their parents. This will go along way in making it convenient for the home consumer and the youth.The third and last aspect about Guinness positioning will be its Irish heritage. The beer will be tailored for the Young Ireland population. This is an element that will be communicated in the promotional, distributional and pricing strategies as seen below.In order to attract the younger consumer, Guinness lites pricing should be tailored to suit that category. Since most youth are not yet as financially inactive as their older counterparts, then it will be necessary to place the products monetary value at a consumer-friendly level.Over the past five years, Guinness has been performing relatively well in outside(prenominal) markets. However, the major problem is

Ten Commandments by God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ten Commandments by God - Essay ExampleMany religious convictions believe the Ten Commandments form the foundation of morality and ideal behaviour. It becomes not only vital for religious purposes, tho also for guiding proper and legal values of the people (Hamilton, 2003). After critical analysis of the Ten Commandments, am still not sure about Gods existence and if given a choice pass on not follow the ten commands. My opinions may differ from those of Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician, inventor, author and most notably a Christian philosopher. In his arguments, known as Pascals represent, he explains that as finite creatures we will never be able to recognize if God exists. This leads to a situation whereby we must make a wager and come to a decision whether to believe or not to believe in God, more so since the choice is unavoidable (Hamilton, 2003). According to Pascal, if we bet on the existence of God and it turns out to be right, considering that we also decided to follow his commands and laws, then the reward will be an eternity of happiness. If it turns out to be a lie, then we will not have mazed much, maybe just the indulgence in immoral behaviour. The other argument is that, if we wager against the existence of God, the bit however positive, would be limited and extremely small compared to what would happen if in fact God existed and ace gets condemned into infinite pain (Hamilton, 2003). Therefore, an individual has everything to gain and nothing or little to lose through whimsy in God. If one does not believe in Gods existence he or she has nothing or little to gain but all to lose through not accept in him. Pascal deduces that it would be unwise not to wager for Gods existence. Though there is logic in Pascals reasoning and opinion, I belong to a different schooling of thought. Regarding the regulations, I believe there is much to be argued about them. Following some of these commands from beginning to block up is objectionabl e and I will base my case on three jurisprudences. To begin with, the fourth commandment states that we should remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy, and is mostly founded on the Jewish culture and history. Just to mention, a look at the number of people who currently refrain from all kinds of chores on Saturday, one may get discouraged, because there is practically none. Since this commandment does not provide room for interpretation, it translates to a situation that demands justify from any work, especially the Sabbath day (Hamilton, 2003). Imagine of a situation whereby everyone refrained from their normal activities and duties, the consequences could be catastrophic at least. Say all the emergency services, police and the doctors downed their tools for the sake of obeying this commandment. What would happen? There would be massive hurt and so many lives would be at risk. Therefore, observing this commandment would lead to serious consequences for everyone. The fifth comm andment states that we should innocence our father and mother. This commandment ought to bring out the good aspects in children if used in a positive way. It is ought to strengthen family ties and also contribute in forming a society that is responsible and hearty structured in terms of morals. The main dilemma though comes about when trying to determine what honour means, and its application to accredited aspects. Sometimes the children can have opinions that conflict with their parents due to what their parents take down on them. Sometimes obeying parents would mean prohibiting children from having freedom and emotional health, especially if the parents are insisting their children to follow certain relationships or activities that have negative results.

Water Provision in the Developing World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

piddle Provision in the underdeveloped World - Essay ExampleThe population explosion and lack of planning in the developing origination is among the core causes of this rampant situation. According to UN Water, some 1.3 million people are without the access to clean pissing and certain countrys of the world face a threat of body of pee wars. Water scarcity is most articulate in North America, Middle East and South Asia. India and Pakistan in South Asia have already fought a war over urine supply recurrences. The cost of drinking irrigate is more than that of gasoline in some of the Middle Eastern countries. This overview of the situation shows that water scarcity is perhaps the most important issue faced by the planet (UN Water). 2. Water Crisis in the World The freshwater is present mostly in the form of ground water aquifers. The water in streams and rivers forms a lesser portion of the available water resources. Almost 11 trillion cubic meters of freshwater is availabl e in the world for drinking and other(a) uses, however this enormous supply of water is not uniformly distributed across the planet. besides the availability of water as well as varies across the different seasons of the year. Some of the regions in the world receive as low as 500 cubic meters of water per capita per annum of water supply and are labeled as water stressed. Water usage patterns are also different in developing and developed countries with the former using 90% of its water for agricultural purposes. Since agriculture provides food security as well as foreign deepen to the developing countries, therefore adequate water supply is an issue of par sum of money signifi endurece in these countries. nevertheless the situation in developing countries is most alarming. The water usage per person has also doubled over the last century and the population has also increased. Figure 1 shows water scarcity across the ballock (United Nations). 3. Water Supply Options in South Asia South Asian countries particularly India and Pakistan are facing neat water crisis mainly because of the wild population explosion in both(prenominal) countries and lack of planning. Agriculture provides the home base for the economy of both countries and therefore solving water scarcity is a matter of immense importance. The ii countries have also fought wars over water disputes and therefore improvement in water supply can also ensure peace in the region. The financial hubs of the two countries Mumbai and Karachi, the two financial hubs in the region are among the top 5 cities of the world with respect to population both these cities face severe water shortages (Bansil, 2004). Moreover agricultural areas in the region also lack proper irrigation and water supply systems. therefore a multi-dimensional approach for water supply has to be adopted in this region (Pareira, Cordery & Iocavides, 2009). 3.1 Water cycle Recycled water also known as reclaimed water is the sewage waer which is filtered and treated employing a outcome of chemical and mechanical methods in order to make is suitable for reuse. Recycled water can be reused for irrigation purposes and also for recharging the ground aquifers (National Research Council, 2005). The cost of recycling is comparatively high, however it can provide sufficient amount of additional water for agriculture sector in South Asia which accounts for almost 90% of the water used. Moreover the underground water is being pumped at an alarming rate in South Asia, recycled water can restore the lost level of water (Escobar & Schafer, 2010). 3.2 Desalination Since Mumbai and Karachi are the most populous cities in South Asia they account for a large portion of the water used in the region. Fortunately both these cities are

American in the 50s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

American in the 50s - Essay ExampleThese changes in tender interaction as well as culture were largely brought about by the increase in economic successfulness in the country. People were not struggling as much to get a job or earn a living giving hence leaving them free time to engage in other activities. The presence of peace after the war also led to people having the freedom to be creative in the entertainment arena and hence the cultural development alongside the social development.The chilly war made the US take sides with the anti-communists and this meant that it preferred capitalism. Capitalism led to the economic boom and the social changes that took place in the society as every person worked hard on their own enterprisingness and interacted in trade hence creating bonds and friendships in the process. The cold war also created a political mode that was conservative and which did not agree much with direct confrontation that would lead to war. The political climate tha t was bribe therefore set the atmosphere of increased productivity and creativity without any cause of alarm for rising (Costigliola and Michael

Aim of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Aim of direction - Essay ExampleAt the start f Early-Modern Britain, schooling was very limited in its reach. gentility was not as widespread as it was towards the end f the period. Education was normally limited to the royal line and Nobility. Not through legislation but the expense f private tuition and lack f other established educational institutions. Private tutors were the educators f British Society in Medieval times. Tutors were academics that taught children in their places. Tutors sometimes lived with their students and became tutor-companions f the students. This mode f education was clearly out f reach to a large proportion f the population. The other previous form f limited education was relate to the religious orders f the time, within monasteries. This was very limited due to the numbers that the church could take and interpret employment for.After a time several other types f schooling established themselves in British Society. At the start f Early-Modern Britai n there were several modes f schooling developing. These included groupings much(prenominal) as Independent Schools, Song Schools and alas, grammar schools. Independent schools for example had a single headmaster that ran classes from his own home and drew his students from the local community. Some Headmasters ran boarding schools that were designed for students to live and study in. These forms f schools deviated from the previous form f education, the private tutor.Endowed schools arose from several communities and towns. The municipal councils often sponsored these endowed schools. This sometimes allowed for free or subsidised education for all young boys (and some girls) who lived in the community. Young girls however, were seldom taught in the town in which they lived.The purpose f the education was to train future workers and leaders f the town. Such towns and communities believed that a good education would lead to a

Paleo-Diet Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paleo- fodder Project - Research Paper precedentRefined foods can cause different affections, i.e. cancer, obesity, diabetes, heart attacks, Parkinsons, depression, Alzheimers, etc.Many scientist researches have proved that the paleo-diet is gamy in Monounsaturated and Omega-3 fats to reduce the risk factors of cancer, diabetes, heart diseases, obesity, and the cognitive. Fruits and vegetables have rich vitamins extracts, antioxidants, minerals, etc. to decrease the disease spreading factors in the human body.The critiques of paleo-diet consider it as a nonsensical diet, which can become dodgy because of strict restricting patterns. An evolutionary biologist, Marlene Zuk wrote in the book Palefantacy that the myths of paleo-diet are non relevant to the movements of the common lifestyles. or so experts say that the concept of the paleo-diet is to ban junk foods. The arguments of some experts that they do not like the old patterns of foods quite a that modern food recipe by havi ng low calories to live an active life style (Jabar, 2013). virtually food experts believe that paleo-diet is not all free from the restricted food items, so the concept of this dietetical pattern is just like a folk. Expansion of the vegetarian agenda is also a critic backsheesh of the paleo-diet. Men are not conscious for eating only paleo-diet ( barbarian, Debunking the Paleo Diet A Wolfs Eye View, 2013) .Robb Wolf stated that the Paleo-diet has become one the most favorite diets of Americans (Wolf, Debunking the Paleo Diet A Wolfs Eye View, 2013). In a conference of Frankfurt, a census was organise internationally to research for the healthy dietary pattern by many anthropologists, archaeologists, and the molecular biologist. They all concur on the paleo-diet for a healthy lifestyle. The experts presented the nutritional framework based on human species that these species have not adopted the

Sedimentary or metamorphic rocks and engineering issues Essay

aqueous or metamorphic rocks and engineering issues - Essay Exampleder, 2001). Given the ability of engineers to measure all these, an idiom on the latter is quite important in order to provide insight that would at least help in reducing temblor intensities in the society. Particularly, the understanding of sedimentary rocks and their contribution to earthquakes intensities is necessary.To start with, earthquake shaking starts from the rupturing fault and then continues at other distances away from the fault. Earthquake shaking intensity is speculate to decrease as the distance from the rupturing fault decreases. However, it has been observed that shaking in one site is sometimes stronger than shaking in another site. Sometimes, this shaking can be ten times higher or stronger than shaking in another site (Ammon, 1997).Geologists have come up with information relating sedimentary rocks with earthquake shaking intensities. Geologists argue that shaking is always high in areas of softer rocks. In addition, shaking is amplified in areas of thicker sediments compared to areas of smooth sediments. As it has been observed, the major reason why sedimentary rocks are associated with shaking intensities is because they are soft (Denecke & Series, 2003).An business relationship of the relationship between sedimentary rocks and earthquakes shows that seismic waves speed is much higher in hard rocks when compared to sedimentary rocks. This is because the latter are soft as it has been explained earlier. In areas with different rock types, waves tend to pass with harder rocks to the softer rocks, they slow down. However, in order to carry the same energy carried in the hard rocks, they tend to nonplus bigger than before. Therefore, shaking at sites that have soft rock layers is stronger since the seismic waves tend to move easily as shown in Figure 1 and 2 (SCEC, 2014).The loss of life and properties associated with earthquake intensities can rattling be control led by avoiding buildings in area of soft sedimentary rocks. If this is not

Tourism Planning Discussion Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

touristry Planning Discussion Paper - Essay ExampleTourism industriousness seeks to renew the development process, take a shit a countrys economy, encourage the preservation of the cultural heritage and create international rest and harmony. The touristry industry generates potential employment opportunities on a large scale. It pays homage to all the countries in the world characterized by diverse culture and symbolism. Tourism industry is also represented as the multicomponent industry with different industries of economic importance interlinked inextricably. The greatest contribution to this Industry comes from the human Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) and World Trade Organization (WTO).There are innumerable political and economical challenges faced by the world-wide tourism industry extending from the terrorism threats to the global recession and that of the Communist Eastern Bloc. The positive impact of tourism cl archeozoic justifies the tourism development while the nega tive impacts of the environment stimulate the need for better and scented tourism planning (Trade-wings Institute Of Management, 2000).The trend followed by the tourism development range from the systematic draw close to those of contemporary ones. According to Waterson and Rose, Planning is a complex and ambiguous process. The concept of Physical Planning existed from the early centuries. According to Branch, cities in India as early as 3000 B.C were divided into the square blocks, oriented to the cardinal points and lay out to allow the circulation between them. In United Kingdom, the planning was in practice for two centuries as pointed by Cherry. The physical layout plan dates back to Greek and Roman. The physical and social illness caused due to industrialization led to the stimulation for planning in England. With the addition of social and economic dimension to planning, emerged the concept of tourism planning. Jafari observed and acknowledged the fact of changing profess ional and popular meaning of tourism. Now

Franchising & Small Business case study analysis

Franchising & Small Business analysis - Case Study spokespersoner trade as compared to several of its other competitors and typically has a business/professional stage business that caters to a middle class demographic. In terms of direct competition within the market of Brisbane, weeny Singapore, and its various locations, competes against the likes of Birdcage Pan, Rode Asian Cuisine, Sings Asian Kitchen, and Chives. Not surprisingly, the competition is stiff as the market is somewhat saturated with respect to offerings of Asian cuisine within Brisbane.The first innovation that would directly be recommended is with respect to outdoor dining. A review of the existing competition reveals the fact that almost none of the Asian cuisine establishments within Brisbane offer and outdoor dining option. Similarly, as the weather is quite pleasant very much of the year, this would be an effective tool by which this particular restaurant, and its subsequent establishments, could seek to distance itself from the competition and fork over a winning edge with respect to the dining experience (Davidson & Shakespeare, 2006).Another recommendation is with respect to the being of the value days or the creation of a value section on the individual menu. Ultimately, from a review of the competition and an analysis of the existing environment for Asian cuisine within Brisbane, it is clear and likely that Little Singapore, and its subsequent locations, is somewhat more expensive as compared to the alternatives. Because of this, providing an incentive for individuals to frequent the establishment, or indeed creating a value section on the menu, could once again place this particular restaurant in direct levels of competition with low cost alternatives throughout the Brisbane area thereby expanding its reach and potentially up(p) the overall profitability that it could experience.The final recommendation is with respect to the establishment of a reward card system. at a t ime again, due to the fact that this particular branch of restaurants is

HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS - Essay Exampleve of creating expertise and providing information and tools, which are necessary in preventing diseases and injuries, promoting health and preparing for disease outbreaks. Moreover, as an individual provider, CDC conducts ethical interrogation through sound science, which ensures that public health goals are, met (Bascetta 12).The organizational and community effects of CDC are based on collaborating with various partners on both national and international levels. By collaborating with various partners, CDCs aims at supervise public health through conducting inquiry to prevent the spread of new health problems, developing and sustenance sound and ethical, public health policies, implementing health prevention strategies and promoting healthy behaviors. The information that is attained through research by CDC is to benefit the community, as opposed to the organization. In other words, CDC has prioritized the communitys public health, instead of prioritizing its economic gains. Additionally, CDCs organizational and community effects, entail deriving public health decisions from high spirit scientific data. In essence, CDCs research data are objective and ethical (Bascetta

Why is it profitable for a stable like redbull to race in the F1 Research Paper

Why is it profitable for a static like redbull to feed in the F1 championship - Research Paper ExampleThe research centers on the profitability of a stable like Redbull to race in the F1 championship. In terms of the Redbull products, Dubrin (2008) emphasized Red Bulls corporal strategy overwhelms its securities industrying strategies the strategies include product, price, place, and promotion factors (Kruz, 2010). Dornbusch and Fischer (1990) emphasized price is the amount that the buyer and seller equip as payment for each(prenominal) Redbull beverage product. Place re drinks where each product is displayed. Promotion includes advertising. Promotion in like manner includes paying the sales person to advertise the caller-outs Redbull products. In this case, Redbull is eager to invest wads of cash to sponsor a car racing team. In return, the caller expects to recuperate the expenses from the increase in the sales of the Redbull products. The target market includes all mark ets located in countries around the world, especially countries where the Redbull racing team is mentioned, such as news stories. Generally, pricing includes selling products at equilibrium or fair market amounts. Palmer (2004) insists the company continues to financially grow despite the presence of the on-line(prenominal) global recession. The companys present strategy focuses on product and service promotion to increase its net profits and dividend distribution. Further, the Redbull company continues to declare its huge share of the beverage market segment by implementing customer based marketing programs (Kruz, 2010). The programs include filling the needs of the niche market people needing heftiness boosting drinks. The offering of the companys energy-enhancing products is grounded on the Redbull branding strategy. The racing includes the expansion, and customer delivery activities precipitating to the companys leadership in the energy drink market segment in terms of net p rofits and revenues in the local and internationalistic market place (Feldman, 2007). Redbull continues to creatively enhance its popular beverage image by maximizing uncommon assets to fulfill the companys aim and objectives. To be profitable in the racing and marketing areas, the Redbull company incorporates innovation, challenge, and passion in its customer-based marketing activities. Aim and Objectives In terms of consultancy, Helfert (2001) reiterated the aim of the Redbull company in sponsoring its aver formula one racing team is translate the cost of sponsoring the Redbull races into increases is the profits of the Redbull beverage products. To achieve the aim, the company generates several objectives. First, the company uses the races to advertise the Redbull products. To achieve the aim, Kotler (1994) opined the company generates objectives. The objectives geared towards achieving the Redbull teams aim. One of the objectives is to initially sponsor a formula one racing t eam. Next, the company pursues a spectacular performance in the races. Specifically, one of the teams objectives is to follow the world constructors drivers championship. Second, the team wanted to win the world drivers champion. Third, the company wants to retain its current position in the racing championships and current Red Bull market segment. Literature Review The Formula one championship is characterized as railcar racing. Maguire (2007) opined there is only one person inside the vehicle during each race. The Formula represents the rules or policies that each car racer must comply with without exception. The Formula one championships is includes Grand Prix races set in varied countries. The results of the Grand Prix race are used for ranking the

Five Forces Model for Industry Analysis Essay Example for Free

Five Forces Model for Industry Analysis EssayNew EntrantsThe online makestore industry that virago.com has pi st bered in was, at first, very hard to penetrate. There were different barriers such as distri anding capabilities and the variety of the option offered that ar supposed to be hurdled. Amazon successfully solved the tricky parameters as being the first cardinal to get into the whole idea of online sell. With being the first, they had the luxury to set what were the norms for the industry. Factors that may lower these barrier play would be a wider selection and the ability to go to an real bookstore to exchange or issuing books or other products. This ne dickensrk of genuine retail spaces makes it easier for the consumer to return or exchange the products they were not at rest with. These handicaps of Amazon were the basis for the emergence of book retail giants Barnes and Noble and Borders in the online sleuthping industry.Industry CompetitorsThe major(ip) c ompetitors of Amazon are Barnes and Noble and Borders. Barnes and Noble is a retail giant offering books and CDs both in their outlets in all over the country. It opened their online industry in 1997 and has bring forth the fourth largest e-commerce sites today.Focused largely on the sale of books, music, software, magazines, prints, posters, and related products, the company has capitalized on the recognized brand note value of the Barnes Noble name to become the second largest, and one of the fastest growing, online distributors of books. Their advantage to Amazon is the brand name and the availability of actual retail outlets in which consumers could go in to exchange or return products easily. They also pretend an established book selection based in their retail operations.Borders is another multi-media retail store found in major cities around the country. Started out as a fine bookshop in the college town of Ann Arbor, Michigan, it has since expanded into one of the fine st bookstores. In 1992,Borders was bought by the Kmart grouping which further flourished the company into a Multi Media Giant with a wide selection of Audio, Video and Books found through with(predicate)out the United States.The Online Bookstore industry have become a grating assembly line which involves discounts, varied selections and fast oral communication in which all three companies are challenging for each one other.BuyersThe consumers of this industry can be found in every corner of the population. These are mostly concourse who have had just about form of higher education and have access to the Internet and computers. The segment of online shoppers has increase dramatically in recent years due to the convenience of shopping in the comforts of the habitation and the accessibility of the Internet. These developments have made it easier for consumers to log on and buy on the Internet. Consumers also tend to comparison prices among the retail leaders such that buyers are able to buy products with very big discounts compared to ones bought in actual retail outlets. The bargaining power of the consumer is based on the competitive strategies of each active firm in the industry. Thus, consumers can challenge one firm for charging more than the other one such that the firm testament beat the price of the competing firm.SuppliersAmazons suppliers range from the publishing and media houses to electronics manufacturers. Amazon buys all their books, videos and auditory sensation CDs from the multi media houses and publishing giants such as Time Warner, Doubleday etc. Amazon also has alliances with other bookstores to cover orders that they cannot serve.SubstitutesThe substitutes for Amazon and other online bookstores are the actual bookretailers and music stores such as Barnes and Nobles, Virgin Megastore, Tower Records, Sam Goody and other small mom-and-pop outlets. With the rise of online retail, there will be little impact from these substitutes. One impact would be some consumers who would like to hold or listen to their purchases prior to buying and those who are into the whole shopping experience. Barnes and Nobles have jumped into online retail and have succeeded into diversifying into the new e-commerce industry.Industrial Organization ModelDegree of tiltDue to the interruption of focus for Amazon, it has become the Earths biggest anything store. Its competitors have expanded from just online book retailers Barnes and Nobles and Borders to top audio retailers CDNOW.com and online auction house EBAY.com. Amazon has an overall lead of 40% mart share against the other online retail firms. Their international business has more than doubled over the past 2 years and this growth increased Amazons share in the online business market.Life CycleAmazon, in its first years, had negative income but the rise of e-commerce sites and being the open up made the succeeding years led to boom time for them. Their growth period was duri ng 1994 to 1995 when they were the first of its grade in the world. They incurred very high costs in terms of diffusions to customers. Still with a negative income, Amazon went public in 1997 and had one of the biggest IPOs of the time. With localizeors banking on future positive cash flow for this company, Amazons market value soared. Many people caught on with the idea of online shopping, thus, Amazons success. Amazons success as an online retailer prompted bricks-and-mortar rivals Barnes and Noble and Borders to join in. Competition decreased Amazons profitability so in the past couple of years, Amazon has expanded to more than books, audio and video to electronics and other retail concepts.Social RelevanceAmazons products are marketed for every consumer possible. Books, audio, video and electronics are apprehended by majority of the population especially those who have access to the Internet. Amazon is active in move literacy programs for young children by collaborating wit h the makers of the Dr. Seuss books. They have actively participated in the Dr. Seuss shops, story telling sessions and Dr. Seuss days.Degree of globalizationAmazons intensity level internationally lies within its networks in major ports and cities around the Globe. Amazon first started out in Seattle but as soon as they have established a niche market, they have opened shop all over the nation and in cities such as London, Berlin, The Hague, Paris, Tokyo, Singapore and many more. These branches overseas improves their saving service to a wide consumer base.Extent of Government ControlThere has not been many political sympathies regulations regarding online retailing. A group of CEOs whose firms that are engaged in such practices have formed an organization called Global Business Dialogue. This GBD group supports the development of a seamless global system that delivers the broadest array of goods and services to the largest moment of consumers at the most competitive prices. T his work effort will offer recommendations to the WTO, including making the moratorium on online tariffs perpetual and collaborate with governments to target and eliminate discriminations against, or other non-tariff barriers to global trade in, electronic commerce. This working group will also provide an avenue for the GBDs to consider and promote the growth of the electronic marketplace in an environment unencumbered by detrimental taxation.Degree of Vertical IntegrationAmazons primary value scope includes purchasing/sourcing, marketing, distribution and after-sales services, which includes returns and exchanges from unsatisfied customers. Their main focus is in the purchasing/sourcing and in the distribution of the products to the consumers. Their investments are therefore, geared towards warehouses in key points of high consumer demand areas and an efficient delivery and distributing system to service all its consumers. Thus, Amazon controls most of its distributing system tha t spans across borders.Inter Organization of Network EconomicsAmazon in its efforts to sustain its market leadership in the online retailing industry has tied up with various online organizations. Netscape sailing master and Amazon will offer members of Netscape Netcenter a co-branded storefront where Earths Biggest Bookstore will be easily accessed through Netscape Netcenter (home.netscape.com). In addition, Amazon.com has multi-year exclusive and premier bookseller relationships with 5 of the top 6 sites on the World Wide sack up AOL.com, Yahoo, Netscape, GeoCities, and Excite. These partnerships widen Amazons presence in the World Wide Web.Sensitivity to Business CyclesThe Online retailing business has a very quick cyclical growth. Amazon being one of the firsts to venture in this sign of commerce are all ready in what seems to be in their decline stage where market share is declining. Therefore, Amazon is expanding to different industries within online retailing. Amazon and o ther online retailing firms are very pure to business cycles due to the speed of technology involved in the services they offer.Dynamics of New familiarity GenerationOnline retailing relies on the work of an excellent distribution system. Amazon has invested their money into expanding their network of distribution centers around the globe. They also have investments in creating bettertechnology for tracking orders and giving efficient delivery systems for their customers.Amazon.com has remained on top of the online retailing business despite the entrance of giants such as Barnes and Nobles and Borders. Their success is attributed to two factors timing and continuing to invest heavily into the inventory and distribution systems. Amazon, by being the first of its kind, has a big lead over the nearest competitors due to their experience and its reputation as the first movers. Their gormandise remains on improving efficient delivery systems across borders and to build name recognitio n as the number one retailing firm in the Internet. They have also ventured into different retail options to salvage that lead. Marketing, Innovative inventory and distribution systems, and name recall have helped Amazon build a sustainable competitive advantage.In order for any online retail company to remain prosperous and income generating, they must invest a lot of time and money into research and development of more efficient operations and distributions systems. This be to be key for the Market Leader in online retailing, Amazon.Com.

Richard III Essay Example for Free

Richard III EssayRichard then feels that he has been a force on his mother all these years and perhaps out of his contempt and disdain for his own deportment. He decides to become and anti-hero, now the audience has come sympathy for him to some extent. We hear the troubles he faced in his childhood and his relationship with his mother, now the audience begins to question his sincerity. Richard possesses a coveted trait of motivation, he has the incentive and determination to carry out his plans carefully and cautiously as he executes his victims perfectly. His killing of his two nephews is an example, Richard lures them into the dominate truly slyly If I may counsel you, someday or two Your highness shall lie you at the Tower Richard lures his nephews, who are innocent and fall into a false sense of security, Richard acts like he is loving and is looking out for them. Richard is so motivated in his quest for power and claim of the stool because he is a scoundrel and was rejected from his mother and this tin cause him becoming bitter and resentful.He does not use this charm and incentive personality to make positive changes to his life scarce he does not stop at anything to get to the throne. The ways that the other characters portray Richard inevitably have an opinion on the audience. As Richard is constantly said to be villainous and is seen in a censorious light, it is very likely that the audience will be persuaded by the conviction of other characters. He is seen pessimistically by other characters, Anne describes him as Thou lump of foul crack. This shows she has no respect for him.Queen Margaret holds nothing but abhorrence and detestation for Richard A murderous villain, and so still thou art. Richard was also described by his mother as a toad. The disapproving behaviour towards Richard by many characters in conjunction with Richards remorseless actions, pushes the audience to feel the same way. Shakespeare has created a villain and a nti-hero with numerous traits, personalities and fai ades which make it hard to distinguish who this villain is. The villain is obviously Richard III.Through his soliloquies, the audience is able to have an insight to how insensitive, cruel and vindictive Richard is. His deformity and family background may have caused Richard to become very bitter and consequently cause him to resent life and became a villain. His actions cannot be excused because they are not morally accepted in society. I intrust Shakespeare has regurgitated other villain from his previous plays and deformed this one. He shows a love hate relationship, we are as the audience is impressed by Richard as he has the ability to charm and manipulate his victims.His ruthlessness leaves no vulnerability to make him human and suffer the consequences of his actions, we hate him yet we are fascinated by him. Richards calculating helped him come into power by other people failing to prevent him. Shakespeare created a charac ter that we can only believe is fictional has he is so captivating. Richard can be compared to Hitler because he succeeded through his extremist personality. William Shakespeare created a complex, controversial and multi-personality character which will be remember for years to come.

Best teacher Essay Example for Free

Best teacher EssayMy best teacher that I keep had thus far in my academic teacher would suffer to be Elias Semaan. Professor Semaan taught the upper train pay courses here at JMU and his intelligence as well as his passion captured my attention and do me want to absorb the knowledge that he was preaching. I had Professor Semaan my sophomore and junior year and he was big. He taught a difficult course, FIN 360 Analytical Methods in Finance but he make difficult concepts and equations seem easy by going through the logic behind them and why and how we social occasion them. He added in humor to lighten the heavy load of the courses content and keep the class happy. He was also very creative and used his own little real world examples while explaining bigger critical concepts. Professor Semaan did an excellent job of keeping the class active and participating. He was open to the pupils opinion and al representations asked at the beginning of class if anyone was having trouble with anything in the course or had any questions, if they did we would discuss it as a class until everyone was caught up.At first I had difficultly grasping few of the concepts as I had switched my major from Management to Finance, but he sat down with me one on one in his office and walked me through any questions I had with clear cut explanations until I had them down. He used tests as assessments for the class and they were tough but fair. If you paid attention and did only your effect, the problems would seem well-known(prenominal) and if you slacked off in class or did not attend it would show through the grade of his tests.He was not an easy teacher by any means and you had to work hard for a great grade but he made you want to succeed and sparkd me to reach my full potentiality more than any other of my teachers had. I liked him so much in FIN 360 that the near year I took his other class, FIN 450 Financial Risk Management. I grew a close kinship with Professor Sem aan as we shared stories, went over new and challenging concepts, and he served as a function model for me through my College career.Professor Semaan said I remind him of a younger version of himself and I take that as a great compliment. He is very intelligent, he received his PhD in Finance at George Washington University and has been teaching at a University level for over 10 years now. He is in his early 50s and has had a hard life with many ups and downs but continues to push forward and motivate his students to succeed and reach their highest potential. He is dedicated, ambitious, intelligent, funny, charismatic and strong-minded and I admire him and respect him tremendously as a person and mentor.He has made me want to put in all of my effort and work as hard as I have to until I understand what I am learning. He pushed me in the right direction and offers me priceless career information as to what paths to go into and how to make myself take in good to employers. He even g ave me his cell number to call him if I have any questions or problems at any time. He has my back and I respect him for all that he has done for me and all that he has accomplished throughout his life.I believe Professor Semaans teaching philosophy is to have his students maximize their learning potential and focus on their strengths to pick a career path where they get out ultimately be happy as well as successful. He has done a great job abiding by his philosophy and has helped me through College and the job searching process. He held office hours by schedule and by appointment and was very flexible and would work with you and do whatever he had to ensuring that his students learned. He also pushed his students to succeed through his charisma and charm and worked one on one with students who went out of their way to learn. He was my best teacher and I feel very lucky that him and I were able to compensate paths and establish such a great relationship as teacher/student, mentor/ role model, and friends.

Evolution of Theoretical Knowledge of nursing Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Theoretical Knowledge of care for EssayThe ultimate goal of the retain is to maintain, and restore the health of the patient. Nursing is considered both a science and an art. The application of nursing knowledge and the skilful aspects of the practice is considered the science. The establishment of a caring relationship through the application of nursing knowledge and judgment is used in a compassionate manner and is seen as an art. (College of Nurses 1999 June Nursing and You Volume1, number 3 p3)This musical composition will attempt to explain the four concepts of the nursing metapardigm as it relates to the soul surround, health and nursing. A someone is seen as an various(prenominal) possessing their own uniqueness, psychealities and having their individual needs. A person should be treated with respect and self-regard regardless of their heathen, religious, socio-economic class, marital status or sexual preferences. The individual should not encounter any persuade or discrimination in school, employment or when the need arises for medical care. Each person has their ele cordial needs that must be met while progressing through the different stages of development. One should be breachn choices, and be allowed to sop up an input in their care or treatment plan. They should be allowed to excel and strive to fulfill their goals. Be able to reside and work in their chosen location and field as longsighted as they are qualified for the job.They are usually part of a family belonging to a cultural group, living within a community or region of their choice. The environment can be turn over or closed. It can contribute to the building or endangering of the persons self esteem. One business leader adapt to the environment depending on ones personal preference. A person might be seen in the eyes of others as the ware of their environment that might be interpreted as a negative or a controlling statement. Depending on ones interpre tation of the statement. Some environments have sub-cultures within the environment. Each group has different beliefs, such as religion, diet, attire, and dialects. The environment sometimes contributes to some medical problems, for example respiratory problems. Nurses unfamiliar with the laws and customs of the environment might need to familiarize themselves with cultural practices. What is appropriate and inappropriate for that culture for example malenurses not allowed to give care to female patients in that environment and vice versa. Nurses might need to observe the environment for refuge precautions and life threatening situations.Which will contribute or cause an illness, or preventing retrieval. The environment is considered home and that is were the person resides. It is a familiar surrounding for the individual. Health can be defined as freedom from each a intellectual or physical condition, which impedes one from performing activities of daily living or preventing the person from functioning at their optimal level, for that individual. The person is considered mentally or physically stable or seismic depending on the diagnosis he/she is assigned. Health is when a person is in a state of well-being. The individual has been free of pain and disease. The patient is always the focus therefore it is called patient focused care.Health is considered the character reference of life, when an individual is self-reliant and able to function without any obstacles of impedement. Nursing can be defined as one being trained in both theory and practice. Virgina Henderson also stated that nursing is an independent unique health profession carrying out activities with or on behalf of the patient that contributes to health or recovery (or to a peaceful death) that the patient would perform unaided given the necessary strength, will or knowledge. (Nursing home (1999) Basic Elements of Selected Conceptual Models p 314).In nursing the nurse should be able to cri tical think, be caring, competent, compassionate and have a conscience according to Roach. (Roach 1992). Nursing would include, doing a nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing care plan, and a nursing interventions. Starting with short-term goals, and upon achieving short-term goals for the patient, then proceed to long-term goals. Goals should be realistic. Then evaluate and reassess if the needs arises. Problem solving and treating the patients as human, the same way you would resembling to be treated.Working in a mental Health hospital, the client is seen as a upstanding person, a human being. A person who is unable to cope, survive or function at their optimum level in the community, due to mental illness. Patients diagnosed with a mental illness, and are being cared for in the hospital. Their mentalstatus is monitored, and they are assessed on an ongoing basis. Patients are encouraged by nursing staff to blab out their concerns, so staff can be aware of their needs, w hich will promote stabilization of the patient, diagnosed with a mental disorder. The environment in which the patient resides should be non-threatening therapeutic and be conducive to healing. The environment might be seen as open or closed depending on ones perception.Health is interpreted differently, depending on the cultural, religious ground of the person and their knowledge base, regarding health. With mental illness, the patients medication might need to be adjusted. Which will modify the behavior and stabilized the patient at the same time. Assisting the patient to function at their optimum level, giving choices and promoting independence.My cerebration represents a combination of worldviews. I looked at the whole person reflect on the things that I could have done better. I attempt to understand the behaviors and practices of certain cultures. Gaining an understanding of the culture by using the deductionist course of action of science along with historical views of th e person within the environment. As environment shape behaviors at times, I look at a combination of worldviews to determine each metapardigm.

Teacher’s Day Essay Example for Free

Teachers Day moveOn this very special occasion of Teachers Day, I would like to express my ad hominem greetings and best wishes to solely teachers and my fellow colleagues. Also, I would like to thank the parents who believe in us and intrust their children to Krista Kindergarten. I exhaust been in the position of the school Principal for over 9 years and I must say I feel very happy to have fuckly, sociable, and confident students in school.The students contentment in our school encourages and reminds the teaching staff to fulfill their educating responsibility, to devote themselves to their students. The teaching staff of our school eternally performs their best to deserve your trust for Krista Kindergarten. Every teacher feels like giving more enthusiasm to love our school and to our studentsTeachers mold the lives that they influence. Lessons learned from teachers remain with their students throughout life. Teachers that break down barriers and reach into the souls o f the students that they are trusty for do not get the recognition or gratitude they have earned. Many teachers are exhausted from their workload and responsibilities. They have their own families, financial and life stresses that challenge them along with everyone else. Thus, we should always respect our teachers.I have received many beautiful fresh flowers and best wishes from my students, colleagues, and parents. Once again, I would like to thank all representatives, teachers, parents, and students. I respectfully wish you health, happiness, and success. Happy Teachers Day Thank you.

The Philippine Currency Evolution Essay Example for Free

The Philippine Currency Evolution EssayDuring the Spanish occupation, when they came here in the Philippines in 1521 they brought with them the first European coin called teston. Also it is the first silver coin. When the Galleon trade exercised the earliest coins during the Spanish colonization was the Macuqinas or the cobs. It has a irregular, oddly-shaped coins stamped with a cross on the other side side and a empurpled coat of armson the other. These coins circulated over 183 years from 1585 to 1768. During the reign of King Philip the fifth of Spain the first rounded machine potty coins with milted edges appeared. These coins called the Dos Mundos or Columnarias.It is one of the most beautiful coin ever produce. It came the time of the coins ? Barillas, the first tomentum coins to be minted in thePhilippines and after how many colonizers came to our country currency changes. Coins from other Spanish colonies also reached the Philippines and were predict stamped. Gold c oins with the portrait of Queen Isabela were minted in Manila. Silver pesos with the profile of young Alfonso XIII were the last coins minted in Spain. The pesos fuertes, issued by the countrys first bank, the El Banco Espanol Filipino de Isabel II, were the first paper money circulated in the country. 898-1899 Asserting its independence, the Philippine Republic of 1898 under General Emilio Aguinaldo issued its own coins and paper currency backed by the countrys natural resources. One peso and five peso notes printed as Republika Filipina Papel Moneda de Un Peso and Cinco Pesos were freely circulated. 2 centimos de peso copper were also issued in 1899. 1900-1941 The Americans instituted a monetary system for the Philippine found on gold and pegged the Philippine peso to the American dollar at the ratio of 21.The smart design series of banknotes issued in 1985 replaced the ABL series. Ten years later, a new set of coins and notes were issued carrying the logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. As the repository and custodian of countrys numismatic heritage, the Museo ng Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas collects, studies and preserves coins, paper notes, medals, artifacts and monetary items found in the Philippines during the different historical periods. It features a visual narration of the development of the Philippine rescue parallel to the evolution of its currency.

Psychology and Teaching Assistant Essay Example for Free

psychological science and didactics Assistant Essay1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilities of stimulate recreate role. The inform assistant role includes functional under the guidance of the teacher, supporting teaching and erudition in the prepare nursery through convention activities. I am able to devise attainment action images withal and alike spontaneous development activities which occur through play and different immediate learning activities. The learning assistant role in like manner includes administration, wall displays, food preparation, leading activities with smaller and larger groups, and in like manner individual work.Listening and talking with the children and pass support in social and emotional splitment as well as curriculum activity learning. It is necessary to promote positive behaviours and deal with any negative behaviour in a nonrecreational manner. It is in any case necessary to promote equal opportunities, diversity and inc lusion. It is necessary to build professional relationships with the children and too with otherwise work colleagues. Assessment on a formative or summative basis is also parcel of the role. The teaching assistant role also includes effective safeguarding, and health and safety of the children and also the learning milieu all contributes to a happy place, that is a safe and healthy place to learn within.1.2 relieve expectations just about own work role as expressed in relevant standards.There is a magnetic dip of standards for school support supply depending on the role. The National Occupational Standards for Teaching Assistants offers guidance of competent murder. round schools ask teaching assistants to complete the National Association of Professional Teaching Assistants. There argon also local and national guidelines for codes of practice. 2.1 Explain the importance of forgeive practice in continuously improving the step of service provided. Reflective practice is effectively contemplative learning and then(prenominal) putting this learning into upcoming practice. It is essential to reflect over activities and other things that hand happened and work out if they worked out well, or did non work out well. Why?And what potbelly be improved. It is a continual thinking process to pass on for improvements. It is important to self-assess and assess situations by reflecting on them and then putting ideas/plans forward to surface from that event. It is good tobe able to discuss thoughts and ideas with colleagues to then identify areas of strengths and those that pick out further development. Reflective practice includes reflecting on own role when supporting children learning. It also includes managing childrens behaviour and supplying and assessing and also feedback. Reflective practice also includes working with colleagues and other adults and professional development. 2.3 Describe how own determine, mental picture corpses and experienc es may affect working practice. If the teaching assistant is a religious person, then there may be individual(prenominal) conflict with been anticipate to take part or support learners in other religions activities. If the teaching assistant has no religion, then it is likely to be easier to support learning activities and personally be rather passive about the belief part of the religion, and just concentrate on the knowledge part of the religion.Own beliefs, and values and experiences condition the way of life a person is and so facing and taking part in activities about other beliefs, values and experiences bay window enhance learning and understanding depending on how flexible in thought and attitude the individual actually is. A person who is less flexible in thought and attitude may give away that the taking part in activities of other beliefs, values and experiences heap be a very challenging experience. 3.1 Evaluate own knowledge, performance and understanding again st relevant standards. It is essential to reflect on learning activities that you have taken part in with the children and then compare with the national occupation of standards to see if you meet what is required. By working through and addressing areas of performance a person can begin to improve their practice. There are 69 units of the National Occupational Standards. These describe the skills and knowledge that teaching assistants need to do their job effectively.Teaching assistants and other support staff roles do not need to cover all 69, they just need to cover the ones which relate to their work environment. (see table attached regarding the relevant standards and my evaluation of own performance and understanding) 3.2 Explain how you would demonstrate use of feedback to evaluate own performance and inform development. Consider the feedback fully and then reflect on own performance to see if you can accommodate the feedback to make effective improvements to own performance to then be able to put this into further practice. Constructive feedback is best to work from and can assistant professional development as well as additional trainingopportunities.The assessment forms from tutor observed sessions in the workplace can highlight strengths and also areas that need some improvement. 4.1 Identify sources of support for planning and rounding own development. Sources of support can come from other work colleagues, teaching assistants and teaching staff and also tutors if on further college courses. The planning and reviewing cycle is not unlike that of the planning and assessment cycle which a teaching assistant is part of in the working environment. There are also online materials and also books which can be used to aid learning in order to develop planning and reviewing abilities. The school system for employees would be to use formal and informal support and appraisal meetings with senior management. College staff for those on college courses can al so be part of this support system. Inset/training days for staff are a way of gaining support for planning as information is pooled and new ideas and methods are put into operation. Data may be logged in a milestones format for reflection and further development. 4.2 Explain how you would demonstrate how to work with others to review and prioritise own learning involve, professional interests and development opportunities.The school appraisal system for employees is a way of assisting staff to consider their own professional performance on a frequent basis. This process needs to be a positive and non-threatening one to be at its most effective. A line autobus may do this process for a general teaching assistant, whereas the schools SENCO is likely to do this for a teaching assistant with one to one supportive roles for a child or children with SEN. 4.3 Explain how you would demonstrate how to work with others to agree own personal development plan. A personal development plan is a plan to improve professional practice. The appraisal system and other formal and also informal feedback on a persons professional development all contribute along with own reflective assessments of actual working experience. There will be opportunity for training in the working environment and also external training events which can be added into the personal development plan.The initial in employment training is the induction course for teaching assistants and also opportunities for other training to take place. These will cover areas much(prenominal) as behaviour management, SEN, and also supporting numeracy and literacy, and learning intervention schemes such as unnecessary literacy and extra numeracy support training to be able to implementthese programmes effectively with children who need extra support. 5.1 Evaluate how learning activities have affected practice. Practice has been affected by learning activities with extended experience. Using the learning from these experi ences it has helped to shape and develop abilities and new experiences have provided opportunity to try out and reflect upon.Observing and working with other colleagues have affected practice in offering ideas previously not thought of, to use and develop into own professional practice. All learning activities have provided opportunity for reflection and then personal development with copying and continuing good practice throughout. Just as the children learn from direct experience and from each other and build/scaffold on these experiences, teaching assistants also follow the same process. 5.2 Explain how reflective practice has led to improved ways of working. Reflective practice is the key to effective learning.Reflective learning is a powerful tool and can be gained from self-reflection and including feedback from others to reflect upon. It is personal assessment and this can be used to find out what went well and what needs working on. Work colleagues and training can also aid learning as we learn from each other. Observation of other more experienced staff such as other teaching assistants and the teachers can offer food for thought, and then the person can try out these newly observed methods observed to improve ways of working with learners across the school years. Reflection on good practice has led to personal development in this role by developing new ideas based on the good practice already experienced.5.3 Show how to record progress in relation to personal development (see enclosed CV) It is a good idea to have an achievements turn on where all the qualifications and other awards and certificates are all placed into the file, in groups and date order. A detailed CV can also include the most essential qualifications as well as other personal information and employment and voluntary experienced logged in chronological order. I update my CV a great deal and also adapt it per type of job role that I am applying for and update my achievements file an d move on in in good order.

Foreign Policy Judiciary Politics Essay Example for Free

Foreign Policy judicatory Politics Essay1. Although the power of the national government increased during the early republic, these developments often face solid opposition. Compare the motives and effectiveness of those who opposed the growing power of the national government in TWO of the spare-time activity Whiskey Rebellion, 1794Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798-1799Hartford Convention, 1814-18152. To what extent did the Jeffersonian Republicans of frugal boycott in the geezerhood 1807 1812 affect the new nation? 3. To what extent was the early United States conflicting policy a in the first place defensive reaction to actual or perceived threats from Europe? Evaluate with regard to United States external policy on TWO major issues during the period from 1789 1815. 4. Analyze the contributions of TWO of the following in serving establishing a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution John AdamsThomas JeffersonGeorge Washington5. develop the i nfluence of TWO of the following on the U.S. decision to go to war in 1812. Embargo policies of Jefferson and capital of WisconsinBritish impressment of American seamenSettlers conflicts with Native AmericansExpansionist goals of the war hawks6. Compare and contrast the political and economic views of the Hamiltonian Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans. When, why and how did the differences between the two parties blur? 7. Evaluate the relative importance of domestic and foreign affairs in shaping American politics in the 1790s. 8. Since the treaty of Ghent addressed no(prenominal) of the issues for which the United States had fought, the War of 1812 has no positive consequences for the American nation. Assess the validity of this statement 9. To what extent was the election of l800 aptly named the Revolution of l800? Respond with reference to 2 of the following areas Economics

Arts Education Essay Example for Free

prominent arts genteelness EssayThe purpose of this biblio graphy is to attain in stageation from credible initiations on humanistic discipline programs in schools. The goal is to provide enough culture so that the reader is and then fitting to form their own opinions on the benefits, problems, and policies on humanistic discipline programs at varying levels of culture. Those looking to find detailed reading go away find this bibliography to be a good starting point. Parsad, B. , and Spiegelman, M. 2012.Arts Education in humankind Elementary and Secondary Schools 19992000 and 200910 (NCES 2012014). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U. S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. Web. 24 Jan. 2013 This ancestor is a institution of unbiased information virtu every(prenominal)y both the overall arts information programs and specific sections including ocular arts, music, dance, and theater/drama. The report utilizes a plethor a of charts, graphs, and a nonher(prenominal) visual aids to table service organize and present the information.Parsad and Spiegelman first present their findings on overall arts education programs including the percentages of schools offering visual arts, music, dance and theater classes. They then dedicate ten to fifteen pages discussing the particulars of each section of the arts listed above. in that location is so much information in this article that it would be great for someone looking for a broad spectrum understanding of arts education programs. The visual aids complement the information presented and would be cushy to incorporate into a variety of works.For someone who is looking to get very specific information about a specific program then this would be a good source to start with, the wets the report is divided makes it very easy to find information on a specific sections of an arts program, i. e. music or drama. It would provide the reader with enough informatio n that they could ask their own questions and be able to look further into a specific topic. Catterall, Dumais, and Hampden-Thompson. March 2012. The arts and achievement in at-risk juvenility findings from quartet longitudinal studies. National Endowment for the Arts. Research Report 55). Web. 24 Jan. 2013. This research report is a display of years of studies conducted by the National Endowment for the Arts and similar organizations, most being government funded. The authors place the report in such a way that the bulk of the report is given through the subprogram of visual graphs and charts, which are accompanied by conclusive statements like Teenagers and young adults of low socioeconomic position (SES) who have a history of in-depth arts function show better academic outcomes than do low-SES youth who have less arts involvement.They earn better grades and demonstrate spunkyer rates of college enrollment and attainment. (12) to the highest degree of the graphs simply relate percentages of students with low and high levels of art dealment to achieve certain things like high school graduation, entering a bachelors program, and attaining a steady professional level career. For every study and graph presented or reviewed at that place is travel byly cited sources, if any confusion remains the appendix and cited pages are very clear about how to find more information. Being that this is a report of findings from a national organization it is not biased to or for support of arts programs.For anyone looking for specific statistics to use in a presentation or report of their own, this research report could be very helpful. As previously stated the bulk of the information is presented through graphs and charts that utilize percentages, and is therefore very easy to take and use in a presentation without having to do much work yourself. For someone looking for a more scholarly division of the benefits of arts education on high-risk students this repo rt will not be as helpful, as it would be time consuming to trace the information presented back to the original sources. Dwyer, M.Christine. 2011. Reinvesting in Arts Education Winning Americas Future through Creative Schools. Presidents Committee on the Arts and the Humanities. Web. 24 Jan. 2013.The reports emphasizes the essential determination that arts education programs play in improving student engagement and building creativity. Dwyer discusses, in a lengthy and wordy overview, the current Arts Education programs and policies shortcomings. It is widely agreed that the U. S. public education establishment is not adequately serving a signifi scum bagt portion of our nations children and that public K-12 schools essential change dramatically o achieve the Administrations goal that the United States become a global leader in postsecondary attainment by 2020 School leaders and teachers will need to quality up to the challenge of finding new ways to engage many more students i n purposeful learning (27) More seriously, this report discusses possible solutions such as reinvesting in arts education, and argues for creating arts-rich schools that can engage students in ways that complement the study of the arts and other traditional subjects such as literature, history, science, and mathematics. other key takeaway from this report is it shows readers the link between arts education and achievement in other subjects. Being that this source is a report by the Presidents Committee on the Arts and the Humanities, it attempts to present try out to support the positions of the president and his corresponding political party. As political and wordy as this report is it would most likely benefit someone looking into the politics side of arts education, it would not be as helpful for someone looking for developmental and long term benefits of art involvement in schools.Rabkin, Hedberg. 2011. Arts Education in America What the Declines Mean for Arts Participation. Based on the 2008 observe of Public Participation in the Arts. National Endowment for the Arts. (Research Report 52). Web. 24 Jan. 2013. This report presents its findings after researching important question related to arts education in America. Questions like Has participation in arts programs declined? What does it mean for teachers and students? How has this affected participation in other extracurricular activities?How does this affect support for programs? The article presents the questions to the reader and then follows up with information that supports both positive and negative claims about the answer. Charts are used when needed to change information into an easily digestible visual aid. There are numerous sources used as usher for the information presented, as well as suggestions for further investigation into the questions presented. This report has a very apathetic stance towards the information presented.There is good information presented for varying arguments and the ultimate decision is left to the reader. This source would be a fair report to use in a work, especially if in an combative essay you need information for the view that opposes yours. However for someone looking for highly specific information this report will only be useful for an introduction into the questions being asked about the national education programs. Oxtoby, David W. 2012. The Place of Arts in Liberal Education. Liberal Education, v98 n2 p36-41 Spr 2012.Oxtoby uses a great deal of logic to explicate his opinion on the place of arts in liberal education and he uses statistics to support his views. In his article, he states that diversity in the curriculum is a keystone to success in any liberal education program. He also claims that part of that diversity needs to include a program where students can express their creativity. Being able to express their creativity and the stimulation provided by arts programs lead to more successful students, both in academics, co mmunity involvement, and professional work environments.This article is a good source of simple and sound logic in support of arts programs being included in all liberal education. Oxtobys statements and presentation of the information is biased towards supports arts programs, but he always includes evidence to support his ideas. Also, while he does not approve of excluding arts in liberal education there is never any negativity in his statements, only more supporting evidence for his ideas. Some readers will find this article to be dry and uninteresting unless they already have some knowledge and opinions on the place of arts in education programs.

Altruism Is Ultimately Selfish Essay Example for Free

Altruism Is Ultimately Selfish strainDiscuss the proposal that pure altruistic altruism does non exist. Bartel (1976) defines pro kind conduct as behaviour that by choice helps or benefits a nonher person. Batson (1987) defines altruism as aid another person for no reward, and even so at some cost to oneself. This definition of altruism seemingly depicts the behaviour as selfless, however thither is a wealth of research which suggests that this is not the case. Dawkins (1976) also provides evidence that altruism is ultimately selfish. He unconnected individuals into trey categories in regards to prosocial behaviour displayed. These were grudgers, cheats and suckers. Grudgers were deemed to be the most evolutionary stable category, as they could control and retaliate cheats (who seek out and accept the help of others without returning the help) and could coexist with suckers (who indiscriminately provide others with help). This and so provides complement for the sociobi ological view of prosocial behaviour, that it is ultimately selfish as its aim is to promote gene survival. save, this surmise puke alone work if we know ones selfless or egoistic behaviour, and so many a(prenominal) studies have shown that we will only help others if we believe they would also help us. Clutton-Brock and Palmer (1995) found altruism to be conditional, which suggests that it therefore can buoynot be selfless. However, this can only work if we know ones altruistic or egoistic behaviour, and so cannot benefit evolution if we do not (Mifune et al. 2010) This view is supported by the sociable Norm approach. The Social Norm approach argues that altruism is based on reciprocity and equity. Equity theory states that we consider interactions to be fair if the outcomes be equally proportionate to the inputs (Wagstaff, 2001). A limitation of this theory is that Buunk et al (2012) found it difficult to apply to intimate relationships. A further limitation is that positiv e inputs could yield electronegative results, which is not fair or just (Wagstaff, 2001).An amendment to this theory by Wagstaff and Perfect (1993, 2001) ensured that good inputs can only be returned with rewards, and negative inputs can only be returned with punishments. There is evidence to suggest that people do operate by this lesson (Wagstaff, 2001) which implies that decisions of whether to display prosocial behaviour atomic number 18 weighted in fairness, meaning that altruistic acts may only be displayed if the individual perceives it to be fair to others. Cialdini and Kendrick (1976) devised the Negative state relief personate to offer a affirmable explanation of altruism. This suggests that we help others to relieve negative feelings. This has been supported by Piliavin (1981) who argued in his Arousal Cost reward model that negative feelings, such as guilt, instigate negative input and therefore people may provide others with help to alleviate this negative emotion. Both of these models suggest that we are luck others to help ourselves, which supports the claim that legitimate, selfless altruism does not exist.However, other research has found that helping behaviour increases in correlation with positive mood states (Isen, 1999). Even so, Carlson (1988) argues that this could be due to an individuals drive to broaden their good mood state by helping others. One limitation of this view is that it assumes that helping is a rewarding behaviour. Another norm in respect to prosocial behaviour is social responsibility, which can be delimitate as helping those in need. Altruistic or prosocial acts tend to be to a greater extent frequent towards coterie (such as friends and family) than outgroup members (Cohen, 1978 Mifune et al, 2010.) Burnstein (2005) found that identical agree are more probable to help (94%) than fraternal twins (46%) which supports this hypothesis. There is also evidence to suggest that kidney donors are three times more sa me(p)ly to gift to relatives than nonrelatives (Borgida et al, 1992 Axelrod et al 2010).These findings suggest that altruistic acts are not purely selfless seeing our friends and families in imposition increases our own personal negative affect, and so we are more motivated to help them than we would be strangers. However evidence suggests that social responsibility can be diffused. This reduces helping behaviour indoors groups. Latane and Darley (1970) coined the terms pluralistic ignorance (not helping because it appears that no one else is concerned) and diffusion of responsibility (the tendency to believe that someone else must be dealing with the situation). This lack of helping behaviour in group situations shows that prosocial behaviour cannot be explained by social responsibility alone and so do individuals who help despite the above perfumes show more selflessly altruistic tendencies? Further evidence against selfless altruism comes from the evidence that individual att ributes appear to effect prosocial and altruistic behaviour being displayed.Ruggiero et al (1981) found that taller, heavier and physically stronger people are more likely to put themselves in harms way to help others in an emergency. This would suggest that an individual has branch considered the cost to themselves of helping, meaning their act would not be selflessly altruistic. One contrast to this theory is that this clay type closely resembles Sheldons (1942) mesomorph body type who was claimed to be more likely to have tendencies towards godforsaken crime. Pantin and carver (1982) found that participants were more likely to help a choking confederate after three weeks first aid training than without it. Also, Eisenberg-Berg (1979) found that prosocial behaviour increases if a person believes their fate to be within their own control, and if the person has mature moral judgement.This again implies that an individual tends to consider their own competency and implications of helping others prior to doing so, again raising doubts over the existence of selfless altruism. However Batson et al (1987 2003) claim that square, selfless altruism does exist and that it is motivated by empathy. Batson claims that if helping is motivated by relieving personal distress, an individual could but flee the scene., yet on-key empathic concern for another cannot be alleviated by escaping. In his study, Batson assigned participants to high and low empathy conditions, and easy or difficult to go conditions to leave after two trials or ten trials respectively. He also gave participants the option of changing places with the victim after two trials. When escape was easy, individuals with low empathic concern escaped the situation.However those with high empathic concern stayed and changed places with the victim. Batson claimed this to be true altruism. Traits such as aggression and dominance are associated with reduced empathy , and individuals with these traits have bee n shown to show less prosocial behaviour than those without them (Eisenberg et al, 2010). However empathy can be perceived as creating a negative affect such as guilt if help was not offered, and this negative state would be beneficial for an individual to relieve therefore helping another individual with whom you have empathy for can relieve negative emotion in oneself, and can even instigate positive affect and/ or mood. This supports Pilliavins (1981) Arousal Cost reward model and Cialdini and Kendricks (1976) Negative state relief model and therefore provides evidence that selfless altruism does not exist. In contrast, Batson (1989) found that people were not more likely to help others when informed that doing so would fork out them access to a mood enhancing procedure.The finding that reciprocal altruism can be learned (Rachlin, 2003) raises an arouse question of whether it can be unlearned. Warnekin and Tomasello (2008) found 36 20 month old toddlers who consistently helped by picking up an object. Some were rewarded after showing this behaviour. They found that the children who were rewarded decreased this behaviour unless they were rewarded for it again whereas the toddlers who were granted no reward were more likely to continue helping. In support of this, Knafo, Schwartz and Levine (2009) found that in countries were individuals are raised to be helpful, there was a reduced tendency to help out group members. As helping in group members is more likely to relieve negative affect than helping outgroup members, this could be viewed as a reduced tendency to display altruistic behaviour.These studies raise the question as to whether it is possible that true altruism does exist, and whether theories such as social learning theory may play a role on its nurturance or demise within a culture or group. Sabini (1995) stated that if true altruism exists, it excludes any rational reasons for helping others, be it extrinsic or intrinsic rewards. In circumstanc e according to the sociobiological principle, it would be evolutionarily weak to be selflessly altruistic, as we may become like Dawkins suckers helping cheats to prosper. This provides further evidence that selfless altruism does not exist as we would not be able to grow and prosper as a society. In conclusion, the majority of evidence suggests that true altruism does not exist.

Business Plans For Entrepreneurs

argument Plans For EntrepreneursIntroductionIn todays environment, the seam broadcast is the enterprisers most important document when setting up a sensitive line of products. Without the befriend of a well-designed and well- presented parentage device the entrepreneur go out find it very unwieldy to express its disdain goals or secure financing. Without a melody plan, it is almost impossible for more than or less atomic number 53 to take your vocation view seriously or even consider investing in it.Beca theatrical role this thesis is about setting up a backing plan for the come out of the closet-up of a new kind of social network, we leave behind first start with an everywhereview about the concept business plan byout the literature. In this literature study the bourn business plan is defined as well as the main determinations of the business plan followed by an overview of the regular structure of the business plan. Furthermore, a problem discussion on the to pic business plan in the literature is displayed.In the next part the main focus ordain lay on the committal to writing of the financial plan.Subsequently, in the section Location Based Social Network a brief accounting is given about LBSN to give the reader an idea about what the business idea is any about.An entrepreneur willing to start his own enterprise stands before a spate of obstacles. Building up a company does non happen over one night.Theoretical framework IntroductionThere was a date that entrepreneurs only had to hold open a letter to propose their business idea and send it to some investors to secure documentation. Nowadays, investors are far more demanding and expect a higher level of expertise and facility from the entrepreneurs they choose to fund. Kleiner (2007), a legendary venture capitalist states that when examining a proposal, investors want to see a chew more than erect a good idea and a b chasten young man or woman they want to see a business plan showing that the concept has been thoroughly assessed and that the entrepreneur has carefully thought by means of the issues for taking the necessary steps of taking the idea and transform it into a prosperous company.1The emergence of the business planThe term business plan is a word that found its crinkle during the Second World War period. Back then it was mostly apply to define the long term strategies of big firms. The vexation Plan was a highly confidential document and was only exposed to a very special audience. During the 80s the term business plan became more popular and it was then that the first articles appeared discussing the issues bunghole the business plan. From that decade on, the term business plan was mainly used to indicate the start-up of new and rising companies. (Karlsson, 2005)2. This may be the occasion that when the term business plan is mentioned the first image that crosses peoples minds is the start-up business, which has not to be espec ially so because The Ernst and Young Business Guide (1987) charges out that even established firms tolerate carry baronial compose business plans to determine or evaluate the accomplishment of business goals.Definition of a Business PlanThe literature on the topic business plans is awash with information and offers a lot of definitions.. Essentially these definitions reserve all the same meanings. Abrams Barrow (2005) define the business plan as a roadmap to the companys targeted destination. Ideally, it en equals the entrepreneur to get from the basic business concepts to a healthy, successful business.Barringer (2009) describe it as a written document that carefully explains every familiar and external aspects of a new venture (Barringer, 2009, p. 1)The format of the business planWe can distinct three main accompanimentors throughout literature from which the BP structure will anthropoid depend. To begin with, the format of the business plan will mainly depend on the purp ose for which the BP is elaborated. For congressman Barringer (2008) states that a BP established for a start-up company to investigate the feasibility of the venture may somewhat dissent from that of a business in expansion that wants to evaluate the accomplishment of the business goals. For example, a start-up firm will not be able to dwell much about the companys history or past successes.Further, mason and Stark (2004) argue that whether the entrepreneur is pursuing capital from a bank, a business angel or even a venture capitalist, the format of the business plan should be adapted accordingly.So we can conclude that depending on the firms level of development or on what purpose the business plan serves, i.e. to advance capital or for internal purposes, the emphasis on the topics will be different and the format of BP will vary accordingly.Functions of the BPThe academic literature provides an abundance of information on the topic functions of the BP. A single try with Googl eTM Scholar found 2.3 million hits for terms function* AND business plan*. After going through books and relevant literature we can differentiate internal as well external uses for the business plan. outside purposesRaising financeMost of the time when people think about the reason why a business plan is written, the first thing that pops up in their head is to raise money. It is a fact that most lenders or investors will not put money into a business without first perceive the actual business plan self. If the purpose of the bp is indeed to raise finance, its test will be how much interest it can generate from reviewers in as little time as possible and in conclusion how much money it can attract from investors.Attracting Human CapitalZetterberg (2004) assigns another interesting external function to the business plan it can also be used as a tool for attracting kind capital. It is not uncommon that a potential employee wants to see the companys business plan before making a dec ision whether joining or not.Internal purposesIt seems very unlikely that the sole purpose of a business plan is only that of a fund raising device. Instead, Abrams and Barrow (2005) argue that the business plan has a lot of intrinsic place. The authors of the Business Plan Guide Plan for start-up companies also support this theorem that while growing the business plan has notice to take advantage of two big opportunitiesMarketing plan for the first time of all, it gives the entrepreneur the opportunity to learn about the sedulousness and the market. When writing a business plan the entrepreneur will have to go to the process of writing a marketing plan. This should give the entrepreneur some valuable insights in who the most important competitors are, who will be his main customer, and also facts about the industry like for example, the market restrictions, market size, and so on.Internal prep doc.Secondly it can be used as an internal cookery document. Developing a business plan enables the entrepreneur to make the life-sustaining business decisions that enable the entrepreneur to focus on his activities and maximize his resources. Immers, while developing the business plan, one will increase the understanding of the many forces that have an impact on your businesss success, which in turn will give a stronger sense of control. Like for example understanding the financial aspects of the business including break-even and cash combine requirements.It is also interesting to note that a business plan can be used deep down different timeframes.First of all it can be used to determine the Viability of a Future BusinessAllen et al. (2006) describe the BP as a plan which can be used to develop ideas about how the business should be conducted. According to the authors, the entrepreneurs have, by investigating all the different aspects of the venture, such(prenominal) as finance and marketing,the chance to make mistakes on paper rather than making them in the real world and refine their strategies accordingly. set/Evaluate the Accomplishment of the Business GoalsSecondly, Schultz et al. (1987) point out that a business plan can be a retrospective tool, against which a businessperson can assess a companys actual performance over time. For example, the financial part of a business plan can be used as the primer for an operating budget, and can be monitored carefully to see how closely the business is sticking to that budget.In this point of view, the plan should be used as the hindquarters for a new plan. After some time has elapsed, the business plan should be re-examined to see if the company has accomplished its business goals and if necessary necessarily redirection.To pen or not to write a business plan / The resemblanceship between Pre-start-up Formal Business Plans and Post-start-up PerformanceThe opinions on the topic whether a business plan is a useful document or whether it is more a waste of time are not unanimous throughou t the literature. Despite a lot of searches that have been conducted within this field, the findings from studies that examined whether at that place is a relationship between the pre-start-up formal business plan and the post-start-up efficiency of the company are not consistent throughout the literature. The word efficiency in this limited circumstance means that it has not been proved that the Business Plan will help a new venture in succeeding.Some studies claim that they found no relationship between a formal written BP and performance. For example Does formal business think enhance the performance of new ventures? (Lumpkin et al. 1998) This study examined the relation between planning and performance among 94 firms of which 54 new entrants. Results imply that new startup companies who use formal written business plans fail to outperform those who dont.Of course there are a lot more factors outside writing a business plan playing a role in the future success of the firm. I nitially raised capital, experience of the entrepreneurs, used business model, the age of the venture, are just a few to be named. Recent studies conducted by Lange et al. (2007) took all these factors into account and examined whether pre-start up business planning affects the subsequent post-start-up performance of the new enterprise.Their dataset contained 116 Babson College alums graduated between 1985 and 2003 that started a new business since graduating. From the results of the study it appeared that there is no difference in performance between new ventures that started with a written business plan and those who chose not to write one.Of course one could argue that the studied dataset has a few limitations. First of all the dataset only comprises ventures started by Babson College which is somewhat limited and will compromise the external validity. It will be difficult to generalize the findings of this study to the rest of the start-up ventures in business world. However, th ere are benefits at this bounded dataset the respondents have similar educations. This will limit and take into account the influence from the independent variable, education. On the other guide the taken sample frame is randomized and longitudinal which will benefit the internal validity. This means that the research design allows to formulate a correct answer to the proposed hypothesis.From their findings Lange et al.(2007) suggest that unless a would-be entrepreneur needs to raise substantial start-up capital from institutional investors or business angels, there is no compelling reason to write a detailed business plan before opening a new business. Instead, the authors suggest that entrepreneurs should make financial projections, especially cash flow.It means that they should look at expected sales revenue enhancement and operating costs including material, labor and capital assets and open their business. That advice implies that they should do business planning but not writ e formal plans before starting their businesses. Then, if their business grows and needs external funding, they will be able to write a business plan that is more persuasive.In contrast to the studies from Lumpkin et al. and Lange et al. , some studies have shown that planning does go together with the success and growth of new ventures. Ford et al. (2003) conducted a study of 800 randomly selected American nascent companies and found a signifi jargoon positive correlation between the degree of business planning formality and financial results in year 1 and 2.Liang and Gartner (2005) found, they found that the chances for survival of ventures in an un real financial and competitive environment was more likely when they engaged in planning in the early set of the start-up activities. And that ventures were more likely to continue their activities if they started to plan late in the stage of start-up activities in a certain financial and competitive environment.For now, we will leave the discussion aside whether causality exists between writing a BP and the success of the venture and move on to asking ourselves why so many entrepreneurs bother to write the business plan.Many business people or entrepreneurs defend that the time that is needed to produce a formal written BP, would be better spent on pushing the new venture frontward instead of writing a plan that no one will read. (Allen 2006)This might be original if we take into consideration that the venture capitalist or the firms that provide finance to businesses receive heap and piles of business plans and have no time to read them all. In fact, very few entrepreneurs have ingress to formal venture capital at the moment they launch their businesses. Bygrave and Hunt (2004), for example, estimate that in the US, fewer than one in ten thousand new ventures has the privilege to receive their financial funds of a venture capitalist. This is very rare, especially for the USA which has more than two-thirds of the total venture capital in the inbuilt world. This means that receiving capital from VCs is by far the rarest form of funding.So why then go so many entrepreneurs through the process of writing business plans if the main objective of their plan is to secure funding from a venture capitalist and they know that they will almost always come up put down handed? One of the reasons may be that other sources of financial funding such as banks, business angels, equity investors require written business plans too.Another explanation could be that they write the plan for internal reasons. Although writing a business plan is a very laborious task and it takes typically several(prenominal) weeks to finish it could avoid costly, perhaps disastrous, mistakes later thanks to the planning process that helps the entrepreneur think through things thoroughly. (business plan guide 4 start ups)Furthermore, it is a fact that if you want your BP to be noticed by investors, the chance is greater if you get a personal introduction, instead of approaching them on your own (Barringer, 2008).This is by all odds the case for all businesses in China. If you want to look for capital, or even if you just want to do business, you will need Guanxi. Guanxi literally means relationships. Since Confucius set-out the basic relationship rules 2000 years ago this has become the basis for conducting succesfull business in China. The reality is that the majority of Chinese people wont trust and will not do business with people that are not part of their Guanxi. If you win the confidence of a Chinese business relation, he will be part of your Guaxi network and will be happy to do business or introduce you to other acquintances or information sources, thus expanding your Guanxi network. Seligman (2005) points out that it has been generally know for centuries that businesses in China with a widely developed Guanxi network are more succesful than those with a limited or no network.We conclude that is not about having a good or a baneful business plan per se to secure finance but more about knowing the right people. This is why startup businesses have the disadvantage over established firms because they may not have such contacts.Anyway, a lot of authors recommend to do write the business plan because for the internal and external value that lies within the plan. Abrams and Barrow (2005) state that a good business plan for a sound business concept not only helps achieving the business goals, it also lets you save time and money by guidance on your business activities, giving you more control over your finances, marketing, and daily operations, and helps you raise the capital you need. Or as Kleiner (2004), a legendary venture capitalist states Even if you have all the money you need, you smooth need a business plan. A plan shows how youll run a business. Without a plan, you dont know where youre going, and you cant measure your progress.