Meeting the Needs of Different Client Groups Assignment

Meeting the Needs of Different Client Groups - Assignment Example This paper looks into the provisions of private fostering, and in doing so, it outlines some of the rules and responsibilities that guide the client and the caregiver as well. Conversely, the paper provides an evaluation of two models of care, the Orem’s Self Care model and the Roper, Logan and Tierney’s activities of living, thereby revealing how they relate to the case in consideration. Majorities of friends or family carers act in an informal manner by agreeing with the people holding parental responsibility for a child, identified as the client in this case. For this reason, the initial arrangement between Rachel’s parents and Tracey’s parents to accommodate Rachel in their house was informal in nature. However, given that Tracey’s parents agreed to accommodate Rachel for a number of months, which is more than the informal care threshold set by the law, the parents have to visit the children’s service office to formalize the private fostering arrangement. As required by the law, the parents had to contact the children’s services office to determine that Tracey’s parents had the ability to look after Rachel in a proper manner, which includes ensuring that they do not expose her to any risk, given that she will be living away from her legal guardians. The main responsibility of the carers, in this case, is to safeguard and promote the welfare of the clients under their care. For this reason, the first consideration would be to inform the local council of such an arrangement, even though quite a number of the carers do not do it. The carer should meet this requirement to allow social services to check on whether the client is receiving proper care. It is vital for social services to be made aware of such an arrangement in order to preserve and uphold the welfare of a potentially vulnerable child.

The Supreme Court on ‘Hazelwood’ Essay Example for Free

The Supreme Court on ‘Hazelwood’ Essay Both judges and school officials have been thinking about and dealing with the nature of students’ rights to free speech through the 1970s and 1980s, since Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School Dist., the 1969 landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that acknowledged student rights. Stating that students do not â€Å"shed their constitutional rights . . . at the schoolhouse gate† (393 U.S. at 506), the Court upheld the right of three Des Moines high school students to wear black armbands as a peaceful symbol of opposition to the Vietnam war. . . . The Court’s ruling and reasoning subsequently were applied to student expression other than the wearing of armbands, from theater productions to art shows, from school assemblies to student publications. . . . The Supreme Court, balancing students’ constitutional freedoms and administrators’ traditional responsibilities, said in Tinker that school officials could not stop expression simply because they disliked it. . . . Student journalists’ efforts to gain press freedom experienced a major setback on January 13, 1988, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Hazelwood School Dist. v. Kuhlmeier that school administrators could censor a school-sponsored newspaper. Just as Tinker had started an era of expanded student rights, so Hazelwood signals a departure that could lead toward more restriction of students’ expression. The Hazelwood principal believed that the stories he censored—accounts of unnamed, pregnant students and a report on the impact of parental divorce on students—were unfair and inappropriate for teenagers. He was concerned that the â€Å"anonymous† students could be identified, that the school would appear to be condoning teenage pregnancy, and that divorced parents criticized should be consulted prior to publication. . . . Instead of ruling narrowly on student newspapers, the Court in Hazelwood gave discretion to school officials to: 1. Serve as publisher. . . . 2. Censor, if there is a â€Å"reasonable† educational justification, any expression that does not properly reflect the school’s educational mission. The Court called it reasonable to censor a newspaper story that school officials believe is not â€Å"fair,† expression that deals with â€Å"sensitive topics,† and content that is â€Å"ungrammatical, poorly written, inadequately researched, biased or prejudiced, vulgar or profane, or unsuitable for immature audiences.† 3. Use this power to control expression through any school-sponsored activity. Legal distinctions between class-produced and extra-curricular publications disappeared. Theater production, art shows, debates, and pep rallies are just some of the schoolsponsored activities now under tighter control. . . . 4. Review student expression in advance, even when no guidelines define what will or will not be censored. Constitution of the United States, Amendment I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Ignorance, Greed, and the American Media Essay -- essays research pape

Ignorance, Greed, and the American Media â€Å"God damn it, an entire generation pumping gas, waiting tables... slaves with white collars. Advertising has its taste in cars and clothes, working jobs we hate so we can buy shit we don't need. We're the middle children of history, no purpose or place. We have no Great War. No great depression. Our Great War is a spiritual war†¦ Our great depression is our lives. We've all been raised on television to believe that one day we'd be millionaires, movie gods, and rock stars. But we won't. We're slowly learning that fact. And we're very, VERY PISSED OFF.† This is a quote from the character of Tyler Durden in the 1999 movie Fight Club. This quote is an intricate summary of the current generation of twenty/thirty-something-year-olds. It highlights the fact that this generation was â€Å"raised on television† and one the film’s main themes is how the misuse of media has corrupted the minds of those it influenced beyond repair. And the worst part? It’s all true†¦ The media world today is a strange one. Why are there so few political or current affairs themed programmes on our television screens? Why are the so many American comedies on our screens? Why is it so hard to find a balanced, unbiased news report on the â€Å"war† in Iraq? When John Reith founded the BBC in 1922, as director general, he developed strong ideas about educational and cultural public service responsibilities of a national radio service. He based his ideas on Plato’s philosophy that if you allow the human soul to come into contact with the Good, the True and the Beautiful, the soul will respond. His three aims were to inform, to educate and to entertain. What became of his admirable ideology? Why is it that the main use of media now is seemingly entertainment? Could it be argued that the current misuse of media power is the result of private media ownership? If a businessperson owned a large media empire, would they have any moral concern if their media had a negative effect on society, as long as they were making money? Surely, a government would have a far greater concern for how the generation of tomorrow was affected by the media. If the government were to control the media, couldn’t they mould the current youth into fine and upstanding citizens of the future? But what if the media businessperson somehow gained more influence than the government? What if ... ...Michael (2003) â€Å"Dude, Where’s My Country?† Britain: Penguin Books Gorman, L. & McLean, D. (2003) â€Å"Media and society in the twentieth century: a historical introduction† Britain: Blackwell Publications Films David Fincher (1999) â€Å"Fight Club† US: 20th Century Fox Moore, Michael (2004) â€Å"Fahrenheit 9/11† US: Optimum Releasing Ltd. Websites Stille, Alexander (1999) â€Å"Emperor of the Air† http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml%3Fi=19991129&s=stille The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright  © 2004, Columbia University Press â€Å"Ted Turner† http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0849757.html Shawcross,William (1999) â€Å"Rupert Murdoch† http://www.time.com/time/magazine/intl/article/0,9171,1107991025-33716,00.html Patsuris, Penelope (2001) â€Å"Forbes Face: Rupert Murdoch† http://www.forbes.com/2001/01/02/0102faces.html Gildea, Josh (2004) â€Å"Media coverage of issues not at all fair or balanced† http://www.dailycardinal.com Sterling, C.H. (1993) â€Å"REITH, JOHN C.W.† http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/index.html Bryan, J. & Zillion, D â€Å"Media Effect: The Psychology of Television† http://www.lucidexperience.com/HypnoPapers/529.html NOTE: All websites were accessed on 2/12/2006

Harrington: Cost and Variable Costs

Harrington Case Analysis Issue Stagnant sales performance has caused Harrington Collection to explore new avenues for improved performance, including the launch of a new active-wear line. Recognizing an emerging trend of low price and rapid style turnover in the women’s apparel market, along with tremendous growth in the active-wear segment, Harrington needs to work strategically to capture this profitable market opportunity. After careful analysis, it was determined that Harrington should implement a new active-wear line. Financial AnalysisWhile doing the financial analysis it is important to calculate the unit price first. Using the wholesale price rather than the retail price, the calculated unit price is $95. Next, we sum up the start-up costs and operating costs, both fixed and variable, and use these numbers to calculate the breakeven units. After calculation, the breakeven point is 289,846 units. Appendix A shows the details of our process. Active-wear sales are expecte d to double by 2009, and 40% of those sales are expected to be classified as ‘better’ active-wear.Assuming that Harrington Vigor maintains their 7% market share, we can deduce that Vigor can expect to sell 420,000 units of active-wear in its first year. Over half of all apparel purchased is sold â€Å"on sale. † We accounted for these markdowns by assuming that half the units will be sold for full price, and the other half will be sold at a discount. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by calculating the discount rates at 20%, 40% and 60% separately. From Appendix B, we can see that even for the 60% discount rate, the profit margin is still up to 21%, which is quite attractive.Therefore, Harrington has strong financial forecast to support its new launch in active-wear segment. Market trend After the economic downturn in the early 2000s, the trend of price-sensitive and more than 50% discount sales volume drive the mature market to a low-cost and outsourcing comp etition area. Thus, majority of apparel companies choose to outsource their production in low-cost labor areas such as China. Another trend is the fast growing needs for the superior styling, fresh, and fashionable active-wears. Quality strengths and OpportunitiesHaving established their brand in the1960s, Harrington became well known for its superior quality, knowledgeable sales staff, and designer styles. With fairly high loyalty customers, Harrington possesses premium brand reputation. In addition, donning Harrington labels represents an instant status upgrade and the cutting edge of fashion. Generally speaking, the active-wear market is a rapid growth field with a relatively small segment in the â€Å"better† category. In order to seize the opportunity for diversity in its marketshare, Harrington should enter the market as soon as possible.Considering its brand influence and exceptional quality and styling, together with its cutting-edge technology, Harrington has a subst antial opportunity to become a critical player in this profitable segment. Channel conflicts and Challenges By 2007 specialty stores and department stores are still the main retailing channels in the women’s clothing market. Department stores may benefit by the lucrative inventory turnover rate produced by Harrington’s extensive national advertising.Alternatively, department stores could be weary of stocking the active-wear products since this is a relatively new market and could mean more risk for the retailers. Harrington will need to rely on their relationships with the retailers and expertise in marketing to diminish this potential conflict. From the survey, the possibility to cheapen Harrington’s brand is really trivial by launching a new active-wear line. Recommendation Despite the conflicts and challenges, Harrington has a significant opportunity to advance their business into the active-wear segment.By upscaling the active-wear into the â€Å"betterâ₠¬  category, Harrington could apply the comfort and fashion image which the Vigor division has already formed into the new segment. In addition, by outsourcing the production in Mexico, it can not only decrease costs, but also provide the possibility to respond more swiftly to changes in demand. With this in mind, it is strongly suggested that Harrington launches a new active-wear line. Appendix A Start Up Costs:| | | Start-up Costs (Pants Plant)| $ 1,200,000 | | Start-up Costs (Hoodie and Tee-shirt Plant)| $ 2,500,000 | | Equipment (Pants Plant)| $ 2,000,000 | Equipment (Hoodie and Tee-shirt Plant)| $ 2,500,000 | | Launch-PR, Advertising| $ 2,000,000 | | Fixtures for Company Stores| $ 2,500,000 | Total Start-up Costs | $ 12,700,000 | Annual Depreciated Start-up Costs | $ 2,540,000 | | | | Annual Ongoing Operating Costs-Fixed:| | | Overhead (Pants Plant)| $ 3,000,000 | | Overhead (Hoodie and Tee-shirt Plant)| $ 3,500,000 | | Rent (Pants Plant)| $ 500,000 | | Rent (Hoodie and Tee-sh irt Plant)| $ 500,000 | | Management/Support| $ 1,000,000 | | Advertising| $ 3,000,000 | Total Fixed Operating Costs| $ 11,500,000| | |Direct Variable Costs:| Hoodie| Tee-shirt| Pants| | Sew and press| $ 3. 25| $ 2. 00| $ 2. 85| | Cut| $ 1. 15| $ 0. 40| $ 0. 70| | Other variable labor| $ 3. 20| $ 2. 40| $ 3. 05| | Fabric| $ 9. 10| $ 2. 20| $ 7. 50| | Findings| $ 3. 85| $ 0. 50| $ 2. 30| Total Variable Cost| $ 20. 55| $ 7. 50| $ 16. 40| | | | | Direct variable costs translated into â€Å"unit† cost| Hoodie| Tee-shirt| Pants| | Total Variable Cost| $ 20. 55| $ 7. 50| $ 16. 40| | * measure| 0. 5| 1. 5| 1. 0| | Unit Cost| $ 10. 28| $ 11. 25| $ 16. 40| Indirect variable costs:| | | Wholesale â€Å"unit† price| $ 95. 00 | Total variable costs as % of wholesale price| 40%| Indirect variable costs per â€Å"unit†| $ 8. 64 | | | | | Direct variable costs per â€Å"unit†| $ 37. 93 | | Indirect variable costs per â€Å"unit†| $ 8. 64 | Total variable costs pe r â€Å"unit†| $ 46. 56 | | | | Contribution:| | | Wholesale price per â€Å"unit†| $ 95. 00 | | Less total variable costs per â€Å"unit†| $ 47. 00 | | Contribution per â€Å"unit†| $ 48. 00 | | | | Breakeven:| | | Fixed annual costs(operating and depreciated start up)| $ 14,040,000 | | Contribution per â€Å"unit†| $ 48. 00 | | = Breakeven Units| $ 289,846 | Appendix BUnit Price = $95. 00, Unit Quantity = 210,000 * ((7,500,000 * 2 * 0. 4 * 7%) / 2) Profit Margin*| | | | | Discount Rate (40%)| Discount Rate (20%)| Discount Rate (60%)| Revenue| $ 31,920,000| $ 35,910,000| $ 27,930,000| less fixed annual costs| $ 2,540,000| $ 2,540,000| $ 2,540,000| less total variable costs| $ 19,555,410| $ 19,555,410| $ 19,555,410| Profit before tax| $ 9,824,590| $ 13,814,590| $ 5,834,590| Profit margin before tax| 30. 78%| 38. 47%| 20. 89%| * Assumes half of inventory is sold at full price, and other half is sold at subsequent discount rates. |

Bilingual Education: Critique Essay

According to Brisk (1998), when bilingual or bilateral education is implemented in private schools the results are very encouraging. Students of all ages benefit from such approach producing at times amazing results. When, however, the bilingual education is implemented in public schools for lingo-minority, the results become controversial if not questionable. To understand such a disparity, a lot of studies have been conducted during the last two decades. One of this studies that Brisk described was done by UNESCO more than 40 years ago concluded that when children were taught in their second (or minor) language they experienced difficulties in their education. From their report, one could see clearly that researchers at this organization favored the mother tongue declaring that children get better education when teachers teach them using it. Logically, the language is the medium to transit knowledge. If the native language was and is spoken at home, the major cultural elements are being transited to the children of the family. Language encapsulates the concepts that language carries and that are transmitted on to the young child as he or she absorbs the culture within the micro-culture. Before the child goes to school, many concepts absorbed through the native language are already a part of his or her cognitive development. Even more so, the elements of personality have also been transmitted through the native language and continue being reinforced if and when the parents speak the native language at home. When that child goes to school, he or she feels immediately confused for that personality core cannot be expressed nor reinforced by the dominant language that the child hears in school for the duration of the entire day. The transition from the native language into the concepts learnt with the dominant language is happening very slow and never in its entirety leaving some confusion and unclear definitions. That lack of clarity prohibits the child from asking questions (especially if that child is more shy by nature) and that feeling of confusion grows into frustration. Shannon Fitts (2006) examined how bilingual instruction affects the students’ learning and how â€Å"parallel monolingualism† afford the students â€Å"to explore linguistic forms and their attendant social meanings. † It appears that her initial perspective of the â€Å"parallel monolingualism† implies that the children artificially separate two languages to absorb the instructional input. Indeed, there are intangible ideas present in the native language that cannot be expressed in the dominant one. Thus, the lingo-minority students can be easily taken advantage of by other students or even by teachers. Throughout the Fitts’ paper there is a dominance of an idea that teaching in bilingualism is unjust and unfair to those whose dominant language is not native. She justifies this view by trying to conceptualize her opinion of â€Å"conceptualizing native languages† and thus viewing a language as an isolated medium of knowledge transference. She referred to other researchers when saying that Hispanic students â€Å"do not feel valued† while being present in the classroom of the dominant culture and therefore find it difficult to devote to their own education. She should not isolate Hispanic students from those of other ethnic backgrounds. I do not believe that anything has to do with being or not being valued as a person; it has everything to do with misconstruing definitions, half-understood remarks, not-natively implied body language, and other cultural elements. Looking at bilingual classroom from the wrong perspective will warp the impression about the students’ social make up and cultural inclusion. Han Chung (2006) expressed a positive approach in the writing style describing the code-switching strategy in addressing the needs of bilingual Korean students. The researcher’s attitude was that of nonchalant opinion with non-sided estimation. This researcher started the paper with the acknowledgement that multilingualism is the way that many people live with (i. e. Europe) and the transference between languages becomes more than cursory. She mentioned several secondary sources that conform the fact that many children grow up hearing two or even more languages at home and in the immediate environment. With the people becoming more mobile, more and more children are forced into multilingualism; however, it is not necessarily contributing to their best rate of development. Her logical discussion brings the readers into the common for the topic questions, like â€Å"How the children acquire the second language? † or â€Å"Being able to communicate in two languages, do they loose some important characteristics of the personality development transferred in to them by the first and native language? † or â€Å"What does happen to the cultural identity? † Her further discourse discusses the multiculturalism as the medium of â€Å"the complex communicative demands of a pluralistic society†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (the secondary source). Her acknowledgment that the society is pluralistic (not monolistic with domineering language) brings a totally new concept into bilingualism of its citizenship: that every resident living in that society has equal rights and equal access to the major language used in that society. The sentiment within the Fitts’ work (2006) was different. I perceived that she was referring to Hispanic students as those who must adjust to the major culture and language. Multilinguistic approach versus that of monolistic should become prevalent before we accept the fact that the right to major or minor languages within the same society should be provided to any citizen. Even that is not enough. Language minority students should feel that their native language and ethnic belonging are accepted and respected within the dominant culture. They should not feel excluded just because they have an accent or they do not understand all the nuances of the dominant language. They may feel that their language is not as important as the dominant language at their school. At some sites where there are no bilingual programs, the emphasis is not on the maintenance of the student’s primary language. Instead, the goal is to transition the students as soon as possible into all dominant language classes. The implication here is uni-sided: your culture and language are less important than ours. Certainly, such implication will be indirect but nevertheless felt by the affected minority groups. The use of the student’s primary language therefore takes a backseat, as the main language emphasized at the site is the dominant one. The maintenance of his/her language is not the main priority of such a school. Despite the controversy (Rothstein, 1998), it is given that at schools where there are two-way bilingual immersion programs, the target language, which may be the primary language of the minority student, does not take a backseat at the site. It is considered just as important as the dominant language and treated equally. The equal treatment can become tricky, and this is where the instructors’ skill and special training are needed. Unlike in transitional bilingual programs where the primary language is only emphasized in core subject classes until the student is transitioned into the dominant only curriculum the equal bilingual program treats each subject matter as knowledge with ought much emphasis with what language the students will acquire it. Rothstein’s work clearly points out at this controversy and is addressed to both kind of readers: pro-bilingualism and those who do not see the value behind it. He pointed out that the minor and the dominant languages should be used equally and by the language majority students as well as by the teaching staff as a mere tool to deliver instructional input. According to some researchers in the area of bilingual education (Commins & Miramontes, 2006), equal bilingual programs may help students in the area of self-esteem, which may have an effect in the area of academic achievement. In that, Commins and Miramontes argued that students’ self esteem could be studied separately for it can be a dependent variable to the type of education program (bilingual or monolingual) the site will employ. Such a perspective always refreshes for it is obvious that the researchers do not take sides or become shifted into any opinion. In another work, Dominguez De Ramirez, and Shapiro (2006) suggested that programs such as two-way bilingual immersion programs contain ingredients that may help the language minority students raise their levels of self-esteem, and academic achievement. These researchers, as well, focused their attention at the formation of students’ personality and the program factors affect on it. These particular researchers’ attitudes appeared to be shifted in favor of Hispanic population for they specifically discuss such without any reference to any other ethnic groups. With such researchers, I would like to see more comprehensive approach discussing other ethnic groups and ethnic situations so abundantly present in the USA and especially in European Union. The situation is not and should not appear to be unique to one ethnic group in one country. Many in multiple geographical locations around the Globe experience it. Further, it would not be presumptions of me to notice that such situations happen very often with the ethnic writers writing about the population that belong to their ethnicity group. Especially these writers should be more concerned of the wider-comprehensive appearance of their work. Such critique is no way to limit their effectiveness as far as their writing skills are concerned but rather their point ness within the topic(s) they choose. References Brisk, M. E. (1998). Bilingual Education: From Compensatory to Quality Schooling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Commins, N. L. , & Miramontes, O. B. (2006). Addressing Linguistic Diversity from t he Outset. Journal of Teacher Education, 57(3), 240+. Retrieved June 4, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5014939910 De Ramirez, R. D. , & Shapiro, E. S. (2006). Curriculum-Based Measurement and the Evaluation of Reading Skills of Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners in Bilingual Education Classrooms. School Psychology Review, 35(3), 356+. Retrieved June 4, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5017755652 Fitts, S. (Summer, 2006). Reconstructing the Status Quo: Linguistic Interaction in a Dual-Language School. Bilingual Research Journal, 29: 2 Han Chung, H. (Summer, 2006). Code Switching as a Communicative Strategy: A Case Study of Korean–English Bilinguals. Bilingual Research Journal, 30: 2 Rothstein, R. (1998). Bilingual Education: The Controversy. Phi Delta Kappan, 79(9), 672+. Retrieved June 4, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5001343556

Essay on Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social Care part 3

Essay on Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social Care part 3 Essay on Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social Care part 3 Essay on Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social Care part 3Essay on Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social Care part  2In this regard, I believe the protection of rights of employees is very important, especially in the health and social care environment. In the course of my work, I did my best to maximize my effectiveness in promoting and supporting the rights of employees working in my work place. First of all, I monitored policies and practices conducted in my organisation to understand what the organisation expects from its employees. After that, I revised existing legislation concerning employment relations focusing on the health and social care environment in particular. The next step in my professional development and protection of employee rights was the communication with my colleagues. I attempted to find out whether they have any problems and whether they are aware of their rights or not. I found out that employees are aware of the ir rights and I shared what I learned about employee rights with them. In such a way, I informed them of recent changes in legal norms concerning employment relations. In addition, I launched the weblog, where I attempted to collect and publish information related to the employment legislation. In such a way, I believe my effectiveness in the protection of the employment rights was high. At any rate, I did my best to raise the awareness of my colleagues of the importance of employment relations.At the same time, I found out several ways to resolve issues that arise in the course of employment relations in the health and social care environment. First of all, the resolution of issues that may arise in the employment relations normally involve the close communication and interaction between employees and managers or employer. In such a situation, if a problem arises, an employee can report to the manager or employer and ask for the resolution of the issue. The manager should respond t o the issue. At this stage, the possible conflict may be resolved even without its expansion and involvement of more professionals.Another way to tackle issues that arise in the course of employment relations is the involvement of the board, which ahs to make a decision on the particular employment issue, if an employee and a manager cannot come to agreement. In such a situation, the board has to evaluate the dispute and take the decision to resolve the issue.In addition, there is the option, when an employee can file a lawsuit against the organisation, if the employee believes his/her rights have been violated by the organisation. In such a case, the conflicting party can settle the case before the trial, when the employer offers a plausible solution which the employee accepts (Hill, 2006). If parties come to agreement before the case, the settlement accomplishes and resolves the employment issue. If the parties cannot come to agreement and refuse to settle the case, it is the cour t that takes decision to resolve the issue on the ground of existing legal norms.Moreover, there is another option to resolve employment issue. This option involves the collective action. For instance, a union of health care professionals can launch the industrial action against the employer, if employees consider their rights being violated by the employer. In such a case, unions can set their requirements and the employer has the option of either accept or reject their requirements or change policies to settle the case with unions. Alternatively, unions can file the lawsuit or start a strike to protect their rights and interests.Task 4Limits of my work have a considerable impact on work of other professionals in my work place. In fact, I can perform my functions only within those duties and role which I have to perform. In such a situation, I have certain limitations but they are reasonable because I am not qualified in social care for example. Therefore, if I overcome existing li mitations and interfere into the work of social workers, I would deteriorate the organisational performance because social workers are more qualified on social care than I do. In such a context, the limits of my work are essential. On the other hand, the limits of my work impose boundaries which I cannot overcome, even if I want to or have to. For example, I worked with a client, who definitely needed social care services but I lacked social care skills to provide him with required social care. At the same time, I was not qualified to send him to social workers to receive the social care services which he apparently required. In this regard, I could only recommend him referring to social workers to look for their assistance and to resolve his problems.At the same time, I did my best to eliminate barriers between me and my colleagues. I tried to become a part of the team. I used my communication skills successfully to establish positive interpersonal relationships with my colleagues. As a result, I have managed to develop friendly relationships with many of my colleagues and we worked effectively together. My colleagues often shared their experience with me to help me to tackle problems and difficulties that I encountered in the course of my work. Such cooperation with my colleagues was very helpful for me, while the team spirit was very strong since we have managed to work together successfully and performed well as a team, although our qualification and experienced differed substantially.I believe my contribution in our team work was also important because I focused on the enhancement of the effective partnership and cooperation with my colleagues. I understood clearly my role and duties and performed them well. I also tried to help my colleagues but I did not interfere in their work, unless it was a part of my duties and matched my role.My experience has contributed to my professional development. While working in a team, I have learned how important it is t o focus on specific functions and not to interfere into the work of other people, if it is not a part of your duties. Each team member should be fully responsible for his/her own part of the team work and assist other team members, only if they ask about it.On the other hand, I believe that I could perform better, if I had better developed organisational skills. In fact, I am fully aware of the fact that my poor organisational skills made some of my team mates irritated and in several instances they had to do my job because I just had not enough time to do all the job I planned. In fact, I could improve my performance and team work, if I had better developed organisational skills.In such a situation, I could suggest some recommendations concerning my further professional and personal development. First, I would focus on the development of my organisational skills which are really essential in the health and social care environment (Pinkerton, 2000). Second, I would keep using the fu ll potential of my communication skills because they help to maintain positive interpersonal relations with my colleagues and clients. In addition, I would also recommend to develop closer interaction with professionals working in different fields. What is meant here is the fact that I would focus on the closer collaboration with social workers, because I lack competence in the field of social care so far. Hence, I can improve my performance and increase its effectiveness through closer interaction and collaboration with professionals working in different fields.

Marketing Communications The WritePass Journal

Marketing Communications Introduction Marketing Communications ). This paper intends to address several issues that relate to the changes and developments taking place in the business environment. It presents an analysis or opportunities and threats that companies like Yahoo and Google face in relation to the rapid technological advancements. It also addresses the appropriate communication approaches that companies should use to facilitate internal and external communication and the communication mix that is used at Apple to market itself to its target clients. In relation to this, the report presents an analysis of a communication campaign used by Nike, a leading sports’ equipment and apparel manufactures in the UK, to establish how effective it is in attaining its marketing objectives. Opportunities and Threats for Google and Yahoo in regard to rapid technological changes Google and Yahoo are some of the well renowned internet-based companies that offer search engine and e-mail services to a wide range of users. Both companies also deal in software development. Based on the services and products offered by these companies, they are directly affected by technological advancements, especially in the ICT sector (Segev Ahituv, 2010). The opportunities and threats that these advancements expose the companies to are discussed in this section. Opportunities There are several opportunities presented to these companies as a result of technological advancement. One of these is that it provides a wide range of avenues through which the companies can communicate with their clients and vice versa (Hundal Grover, 2012). It also provides increased avenues through which the companies can market their products. Technological advancements in the ICT sector across the globe have also led to an increase in internet accessibility. For Yahoo and Google, an increase in internet accessibility provides an opportunity for them to earn more revenue through advertisements (Shih et al., 2013). This is because they are among the most visited websites internationally. Google is ranked as the most visited website, while Yahoo is ranked the fourth (Alexa, 2014). Being business oriented, technological advancement will also make it possible for them to market their products and services to a wider market base through strategic marketing communication strategies. It also provides an opportunity for them to launch e-commerce strategies, which are cost-effective for the company and convenient for clients. Among the advancements that have taken place is the development and increased use of smartphones (Persaud Azhar, 2012). Given that both companies deal in software development, it provides an opportunity for them to create revenue from developing applications that can be used on these devices. Google has effectively taken advantage of this advancement and has developed the Android operating system (Gandhewar Sheikh, 2011). The fact that its operating system is compatible with many mobile devices like manufactured by different companies like Samsung and LG increases its usability. With the growing number of global populations using smartphones, the company has a lot to benefit as Android is among the top smartphone operating systems (Butler, 2011). Threats With the increase in the technological advancements in the market, these companies are also exposed to a range of threats (Lovelock Wirtz, 2011). One of these is the increase in competition from other companies that provide the same products and services. With internet companies like Twitter and Facebook having a growing number of users, they provide a threat for Yahoo and Google in terms advertising revenues (Lagrosen Josefsson, 2011). There is also a possibility of other internet based companies coming up to provide stiffer competition. In the software business, Google’s Android operating system faces a threat from Apple’s iOS, if it decides to adjust it and make it compatible to other devices (Butler, 2011). Other technology companies may also come up with more innovative products and better marketing approaches than Google and Yahoo, which might reduce their current market shares. Another threat that is associated with technological advancements is posed to the human resources of these companies. Employees face the risk of losing jobs because a wide range of jobs that were initially handled by people can now be done even better by machines (Lovelock Wirtz, 2011). Even though this might come as a relief for these companies as they cut salary costs, the fact that these advancements may increase unemployment undermines the social responsibility efforts that these companies may have. The increase in technological advancements also increases the levels of cyber crime. Even though the systems of Yahoo and Google may be secure from this risk, given that they have measures in place to address this issue, clients who have opened email accounts with them may not be as secure. Hackers may gain access to their emails, obtain their personal information and use it against them. Even though such cases might occur as a result of low email security measures by the user, some of them tend to blame the email hosting companies like Yahoo or Google as being the reasons for their predicaments. As a result, this ruins the reputation of these companies. Communication at Google Internal and external communication Communication is among the aspects of a business that are paramount to its success. Internal communication refers to the passing of messages or information within the organization. This could be within the same department or interdepartmental communication (Wright, 2012). External communication refers to the communication that goes on between the organization and external stakeholders, who mainly comprise of customers. When carrying out internal communication, there are several factors that have to be considered. For instance, the messages ought to be confidential to avoid access from external parties. In this case, Google has a company intranet, which consists of an internal message board and email system (Goodman, 2006). This can only be accessed by company employees who have been allocated usernames and passwords. These channels of communications have been highly secured, making it impossible for an external party to access the information or messages passed. Internal communication in organizations also has to be effective and quick. For Google, this is facilitated by the fact that it has a horizontal communication structure. According to Butler (2010), horizontal or lateral communication is the free flow of information or messages across different functional groups in the organization. Employees and managers across all departments and employee levels at Google interact freely without any hierarchical boundaries (The Financial Express, 2005). This approach to communication enhances cooperation among employees and also quickens the process of resolving conflict. On the contrary, it reduces the authority of departmental heads in the organization. External communication is meant to promote products or services offered by the company, or to advertise its clients’ products to a wide range of customers (Wright, 2012). It can also be meant to engage with customers with the aim of making them feel like they are part of the organization. Depending on the aim that is to be met by external communication, there are several measures that can be used. One of the most effective tools that the company uses to accomplish this is through its website. Based on the fact that its website is the most visited in the world, there is a high level of surety that it will communicate to a wide audience (Segev Ahituv, 2010). Even with the high number of visits on the company’s website, many customers who may be targeted by the messages might not be among the website visitors. Thus, another alternative option that the company uses is through sending e-mail messages directed to certain clients that could be interested in the goods or servi ces of the company. In 2012, the company spent over $231 million in marketing its products, which include the Google+ social media platform, Gmail and the Google Chrome web browser (Efrati, 2012). Market communication theories relevant to the communication strategy There are several marketing communication theories that can be considered as being relevant to the communication strategies utilized at Google. One of these is the heightened appreciation model (Dahlen et al., 2010). It is based on the fact that companies need to carry out consumer market research to establish the key attribute that attracts consumers to a brand. Market communication strategies are then designed to link the identified attributes of the product or service to the brand (Fill Hughes, 2013). For instance, in the advertisement of its Google+ service, the company is aware of the need for people to interact and share instant messages and videos on social media. Google then links this need in the market to Google+, encouraging more clients to subscribe. Another model that can be used to represent the market communication strategies at Google is the advertising exposure model. This model suggests that advertisement objectives can only be met if it created five effects to the target consumer (Fill Hughes, 2013). These effects are; creation of awareness, conveying messages about the positive attributes of the products, generation of feelings among the target audiences towards the brand, creating a brand personality and triggering purchase intentions (Dahlen et al., 2010). This model also relates to the advertisement efforts that have been implemented by Google as it markets a wider range of its products. The AIDA model can also be used in explaining marketing communication. It is regarded as one of the oldest and most popular market communication models. This model states that there is a hierarchy of events that have to occur for a marketing communication strategy to be termed as having been successful. In chronological order, these are attention, interest, desire, and action. After the attention of the target clients have been drawn, marketers are required to raise their interest in the products or services being advertised through highlighting their advantages. After this has been done a sense of desire is created in the clients by providing them with the assurance that the products or services will satisfy their needs. This will trigger action from the buyer, which is demonstrated by making the purchase. At Google, this model has been widely used, especially when it spent approximately 231 million to market its products in 2012 (Efrati, 2012). However, this model has received crit icism for being out-dated and irrelevant for the present market environment. The Communication Mix of Apple The communication mix is referred to as the specific approaches that are used by companies to promote their services or products to their target customers. There are five elements that make up a communication mix. These are discounts and promotions, public relations, direct marketing communication, advertising and personal selling (Wright, 2012). At Apple, the marketing mix element that is mainly used is direct marketing communication. This approach involves interactive communication with the aim of seeking a certain response from the target audiences. With reference to the recent development at Apple when it was preparing to acquire PrimeSense, an Israeli 3D chip developer, it was vital for the company to inform its external and internal stakeholders or the impending acquisition (Velazco, 2013). Some of the approaches that the company could use to pass this information include direct email communication, social media interaction with its clients and through its website. The company has maintained a large customer data base that contains the contacts of its customers and other Apple stakeholders (Wright, 2012). This also makes it easy for the company to pass such vital information directly to its customers and other external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders, who mainly comprise of employees, can be formally informed through circulation of a memo or posting the message on internal communication platforms. Importance of Cross-functional communication Cross-functional communication is applicable within the organization. It is referred to as the communication among people from different departments or functional groups in the organization (Shimp Andrews, 2013). The importance of cross-functional communication that is beneficial to Apple Inc is the fact that it enhances cooperation within the organization as different teams work towards attaining the same organizational goal. Encouraging cross functional communication also promotes awareness of whatever is taking place across the entire organization, which eliminates cases of ignorance of misinformation. Some of the challenges that are associated with ineffective cross-functional communication in organizations include the failure for members of certain departments in the organization to appreciate or recognise the contributions made by other departments (Diefenbach Todnem, 2012). This may result to destructive rivalry that may affect the attainment of organizational goals adversel y. In a scenario where Apple might plan to acquire another company, cross-functional communication enables all the departments to be equally ready for any changes or additional responsibilities that may arise after the acquisition (Diefenbach Todnem, 2012). Analysis of an integrated Marketing communications campaign Marketing communication campaigns are defined as strategies that are implemented by organizations with the aim of increasing market awareness about their products or services. This is usually with the aim of increasing the purchasing intentions of the target audience. According to (Bergemann Bonatti, 2011), ideal integrated marketing communication strategies effectively coordinate all product promotional messages to ensure that they are all consistent. This section presents a market communication campaign that was launched by Nike, a company that deals in the manufacture and distribution of sports equipment (Nike, 2014). The marketing communication campaign was implemented with the aim of increasing the company’s market share in the UK to extend its lead. This is as a result of the stiff competition from Adidas (Thomasson, 2014). The campaign intended to make use of all the available avenues to increase awareness of the UK market about the brand. It also intended to market the new products that it had launched and seen as appropriate for the target market. These mainly included sports shoes. This marketing communications campaign targeted a wide range of customers, who ranged from 18 to 50 years of age (Nike, 2014). Factors that make the campaign successful There are several aspects of the campaign that make this campaign successful in attaining its originally set goals. One of these is the wide range of media outlets were used to pass the message to the audience, basing on the fact that media consumption varies among individuals within different age groups (Bergemann Bonatti, 2011). Another factor that made the communication campaign successful was the fact that it highlighted the favourable attributes of the company’s products, which included the affordable prices and the comfort of the shoes. Referring to the heightened appreciation model, this is an effective trigger of purchase intentions among the target audiences (Fill Hughes, 2013). Given that this marketing communication campaign was strategically designed, the only aspect that could undermine its capability to attain the intended goals is the launch of a similar or better campaign by its key competitors. Media Used Different forms of media were used in this campaign to increase the size of the audience that could be reached. These were classified as print, broadcast and interactive media. Print media comprised of newspapers and magazines. These targeted different clients. For instance, ads that were placed in fashion magazines targeted the fashion enthusiasts who could need Nike’s products to work out. Broadcast media basically comprise of radio and TV (Lamb et al., 2008). Different market segments were targeted by advertising on a wide range of TV and radio channels, and at different times. Given that communication campaigns in print and broadcast media are one way, they were designed to contain as much information as possible to answer any questions that clients could have regarding the product (Bergemann Bonatti, 2011). Interactive media comprised of all the media outlets that could allow the company and its clients to engage real-time with each other (Correa et al., 2010). These comprised of social networking, mobile and via the company’s blog. As opposed to print and broadcast media platforms, interactive media provided capabilities for the company and target customers to engage constructively (Kim Ko, 2012). Some of the major social media platforms that are ideal for such form of communication between companies and customers include Facebook, Twitter and Google+. Despite the advantage of real-time engagement that social media presents for companies, information on a flaw of negative attribute on the product spreads very fast (Correa et al., 2010). Conclusion This paper has covered a wide range of issues that relate to the present-day business environment. In regard to the technological advancements that are taking place in the present-day business environment, Google and Yahoo have been used as cases to discuss the opportunities and threats that these advancements present to the company. The paper has also presented an overview of internal and external communication in Google, which has incorporates that factors that are considered and the channels that are used in the communication. Different marketing communication theories have also been presented. These include the heightened appreciation model and the advertising exposure model. In the paper, different organizations have been used in the explanation of various concepts presented. Based on the arguments that have been presented in the paper, companies have to ensure that they effectively communicate with their customers and also encourage cross-functional communication so as to succe ed in the current hypercompetitive business environment. Failure to implement an appropriate communication mix will not only have adverse effects on the marketing efforts of the company, but will also hamper internal operations. For future research, the marketing communication theories and models should be analyzed more broadly so as to establish their relevance to different businesses. References Adler, G., 2013. Management Communication. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Alexa, 2014. Web company Information: Top Sites. [Online] Available at: alexa.com/topsites [Accessed 7 April 2014]. Bergemann, D. Bonatti, A., 2011. Targeting in advertising markets: implications for offline versus online media. The RAND Journal of Economics, 42(3), pp.417-43. Butler, C.J., 2010. Internal and lateral communication in strategic alliance decision making. Management Decision, 48(5), pp.698-712. Butler, M., 2011. Android: changing the mobile landscape.Pervasive Computing. IEEE, 10(1), pp.4-7. Correa, T., Hinsley, A.W. De Zuniga, H.G., 2010. Who interacts on the Web?: The intersection of users’ personality and social media use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), pp.247-53. Dahlen, M., Lange, ‎F. Smith, ‎T., 2010. Marketing Communications: A Brand Narrative Approach. California: John Wiley Sons. Diefenbach, T. Todnem, R., 2012. Reinventing Hierarchy and Bureaucracy: From the Bureau to Network Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. Efrati, A., 2012. Once Shunning Ad Promos, Google Now Flaunts Itself. The Wall Street Journal, 27 March. [Accessed 7 April 2014]. Fill, C. Hughes, G‎., 2013. CIM Coursebook Marketing Communications. New Jersey: Routledge. Gandhewar, N. Sheikh, R., 2011. Google Android: An Emerging Software Platform For Mobile Devices. International Journal on Computer Science Engineering, pp.12-17. Goodman, J., 2006. Intranet Strategy. London: The Ark Group. Haigh, P., 2010. Social Network Websites: Their Benefits and Risks. London: Optimus Education eBooks. Hundal, B.S. Grover, S., 2012. Consumer Responsiveness towards SMS Advertisements and its Effectiveness in the Present Scenario. Journal of Marketing Communication, 7(3), pp.34-39. Lagrosen, S. Josefsson, P., 2011. Social media marketing as an entrepreneurial learning process. International Journal of Technology Marketing, 6(4), pp.331-40. Lovelock, C. Wirtz, J., 2011. Services Marketing: People, Technology, Strategy. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Moore, I., 2005. Does Your Marketing Sell?: The Secret of Effective Marketing Communications. Boston: Nicholas Brealey Pub. Nike, 2014. About Nike Inc. [Online] Available at: http://nikeinc.com/pages/about-nike-inc [Accessed 7 April 2014]. Persaud, A. Azhar, I., 2012. Innovative mobile marketing via smartphones: are consumers ready? Marketing Intelligence Planning, 30(4), pp.418-43. Petit, C., Dubois, C., Harand, A. Quazzotti, S., 2011. A new, innovative and marketable IP diagnosis to evaluate, qualify and find insights for the development of SMEs IP practices and use, based on the AIDA approach. World Patent Information, 33(1), pp.42-50. Plunkett, J.W., 2009. Plunketts E-Commerce and Internet Business Almanac 2009. Texas: Plunkett Research. Schultz, F., Utz, S. Gà ¶ritz, A., 2011. Is the medium the message? Perceptions of and reactions to crisis communication via twitter, blogs and traditional media. Public relations review, 37(1), pp.20-27. Segev, E. Ahituv, N., 2010. Popular Searches in Google and Yahoo!: A â€Å"Digital Divide† in Information Uses? The Information Society, 26(1), pp.17-37. Shih, B.Y., Chen, C.Y. Chen, Z.S., 2013. An empirical study of an internet marketing strategy for search engine optimization.. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing Service Industries, 23(6), pp.528-40. Shimp, T. Andrews, J.C., 2013. Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason: Cengage Learning. The Financial Express, 2005. Creative motivation at Google Inc. The Financial Express, 14 May. Thomasson, E., 2014. Adidas sees hit from emerging market currency swings. Reuters, 5 March. Velazco, C., 2013. Done Deal: Apple Confirms It Acquired Israeli 3D Sensor Company PrimeSense. [Online] Available at: http://techcrunch.com/2013/11/24/apple-primesense-acquisition-confirmed/ [Accessed 7 April 2014]. Williamson, D., Cooke, P. Jenkins, W., 2013. Strategic Management and Business Analysis. New Jersey: Routledge. Wright, M., 2012. Gower Handbook of Internal Communication. Burlington: Gower Publishing.

Equilibrium Constant - Chemistry Definitions

Equilibrium Constant - Chemistry Definitions The equilibrium constant is the ratio of the equilibrium concentrations of the products raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients to the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients.For a reversible reaction:aA bB → cC dDThe equilibrium constant, K, is equal to:K [C]c ·[D]d/[A]a ·[B]bwhere[A] equilibrium concentration of A[B] equilibrium concentration of B[C] equilibrium concentration of C[D] equilibrium concentration of D There are several different types of equilibrium constants. These including binding constants, association constants, dissocation constants, stability constants, and formation constants. Factors that may affect the equilibrium constant include temperature, ionic strength, and choice of solvent. Source Denbigh, K. (1981). Chapter 4. The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium (4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-28150-8.

Why do we need so many different theories in accounting Essay - 1

Why do we need so many different theories in accounting - Essay Example It is therefore essential that this information is recorded and reported in such a way that it holds value for all its users. In this paper framework for accounting profession including different accounting theories would be discussed. Furthermore, an illustration of different accounting treatment based on different accounting approaches is also made in this paper. The accounting profession is based on values and conceptual framework that has been developed over the years. This conceptual framework incorporates different well established theories and principles which determine the methodology for recognising, measuring and recording of the company’s assets and liabilities. The framework also allows logical reasoning for addressing different accounting and financial issues and provides guidelines for incorporating the information related to these issues in the financial records. This ensures that a uniform approach could be applied to different classifications of assets and liabilities and the information that has been produced and verified can be depended upon for decision making. An accounting theory defined as â€Å"a coherent set of hypothetical, conceptual and pragmatic principles forming a general frame of reference for enquiring into the nature of accounting†(Hendriksen & Breda, 1992) therefore could be suggested to provide the necessary concepts, framework, principles, procedures, rules and regulations. Another way of looking at accounting theories is that they allow predicting accountants’ behaviour and provide basis for coherent accounting treatment of assets and liabilities. There are numerous accounting theories suggesting that there is no single comprehensive of accounting. They could be categorized into three broad areas that are 1) those providing explanation of accounting practices 2) those providing forecasts or predictions of impacts of future

Analysis of Important Project Management Factors Essay

Analysis of Important Project Management Factors - Essay Example Though, many researchers have presented a wide variety of ethical theories for other disciplines. But still there is not considerable progress in the field of project management (Siguroarson, 2009; Mingers & Walsham, 2010; Stahl, 2008). In the past few years there have emerged massive changes in the field of information technology. In fact, it has changed the world considerably and at the present we have started believing that the majority of business organizations are well aware of the fact that their significant liability to global and local societies is further than only generating and maximizing profit. In other words, there is at the present a rising concern with the question of how organizations and their project teams should react, as well as this situation leads us to think about ethics as the suitable academic and idealistic area. Additionally, it is predominantly significant for the project management of IT projects for the reason that they involve a wide variety of social and environmental effects. These effects can emerge in result of project management of latest technologies and the organizations that have power over them. On the other hand, researchers have not paid considerable attention in putting into practice a practical implementation of ethical information system mechanism (Siguroarson, 2009; Mingers & Walsham, 2010; Stahl, 2008). In addition, (Couger, 1989; Laudon, 1998), believe that there is no methodical study or literature which can be acknowledged as one discovery, for instance, project management ethics, IT ethics, information system ethics, business ethics, and in medical and legal ethics. There could be many reasons behind it for instance the current and past literature on...In this scenario, the ethical decision will be based on the maximum total utility. In view of the fact that this theory focuses on the results or outcomes of decisions, hence it is typically acknowledged as 'consequentialist'. On the other hand Kantian deontolog y follows a basically different idea and determines the ethical superiority of a decision in keeping with the purpose of the decision maker. In this scenario, the ethical assessment of a maxim relies on whether it can be imagined or universalized as a general rule. In view of the fact that this approach focuses on the duty bound intention of the decision maker with little focus to consequences hence it is acknowledged as deontological. In addition, a set of ethical theories frequently discussed in the context of project management paradigm minimized both the significance of responsibility and consequences, however focuses on the decision maker. The third ethical theory is known as virtue ethics, which does not take into consideration hypothetical difference between right and wrong on the basis of outside features of an act however it is actually foundational upon the way in which a certain act focuses on the character of the decision maker (Siguroarson, 2009; Walsham, 2003; Charlesw orth & Sewry, 2002). All the ethical theories are implemented on humans for the reason that they all guide the people to differentiate between right and wrong. In addition, all the theories demonstrate that we should do good and avoid bad activities but their way of explanation is different from one another.

Intimate Partner Violence Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Intimate Partner Violence - Term Paper Example Sociologists argue that social conditions develop into social problems through a process referred to as social constructionism as stated by Loseke (2003). Societal reactions are important from this approach and they emerge from the media, religious groups, social organizations just to name but a few. These reactions play a key role in transforming public awareness. Social conditions turn into social problems when the concerned parties are actively involved in raising awareness in the society. This outlook on social problems is significant as it gives a theoretical framework to assist in understanding the discovery, definition and the degree of IPV in the UK and around the globe (Barnet, Miller- Perrin and Perrin, 2005). It also helps to explain the cross-cultural variation in reference to domestic violence and how the debate how evolved over the years. There are important terms that are discussed in relation to this approach. These are claims, claims-making, claims-makers and claims- competitions. The term claim making refers to the actions of individuals or activities of groups making statements and claims or complaints regarding some acknowledged condition (Barnet, Miller- Perrin and Perrin, 2005). In general, this process starts when members of the concerned groups who are in other words known as claim makers express their grievances and consider something as being unacceptable (Barnet, Miller- Perrin and Perrin, 2005). Claims are mainly one sided issues that the claim makers contend against such as drug abuse and domestic violence (Barnet, Miller- Perrin and Perrin, 2005). They comparatively involve unbalanced power on the... This paper stresses that relationships between partners were not widely discussed and cases of violence were not reported. The society was highly patriarchal and the decisions were made by men however, things have changed. Domestic violence was recognized with the feminism wave whereby women stood up and fought for their rights and against all forms of violence. Domestic violence related deaths have been on the rise and its effects more devastating hence the claim- makers were able to create awareness and appeal to their audience. This led to the transformation of domestic violence as a social problem. This report makes a conclusion that the claims about the IPV emerged after the feminism wave as women had learnt about their rights. They were more aggressive in demanding equal treatment with their male counterparts. The claims of the claims-makers resonate with broader cultural worries at the time. The claims-makers succeed in capturing the attention of audiences and in persuading them to accept their claims, while the majority of conditions that could be called social problems remain marginalized and unexamined. This is owing to the changing attitudes in society and the effect of globalization that results to emergence of contemporary values that are against domestic violence. IPV is here to stay and more efforts need to be made by the claim makers to control its levels globally. There have been positive changes made by society to eradicate IPV and the future is not easy for the claim- maker if at all the fight against it is to be won.

The future of tourism planning lies with a community-driven approach Essay

The future of tourism planning lies with a community-driven approach - Essay Example The general â€Å"host-guest† conflicts and stereotypes can be better overcome by tourism development through clearer local guidance which goes on to stimulate a superior stewardship of tourism resources. The participation of the stakeholders such as tourism operators, government, local residents, etc in tourism planning guides an improved fitting, longer enduring, and less exhausting tourism industry taking into consideration the local requirements, concerns, desires and abilities. Community involvement while preparing plans for tourism increases the abilities of the stakeholders thereby resulting in sustainable tourism development. Community-driven tourism planning highlights improved strategic and rational vision for growth of tourism. The approach depends upon the local residents and the community leaders who propose opportunities to clarify strengths and weaknesses for the social, economic and ecological well-being. The influence of community-driven approach assures touri sts’ satisfaction eliminating the experience of tourism as a source of anxiety and negative impact. The involvement of community in the process of tourism planning undoubtedly brings up flourishing impact on the tourism industry which otherwise would have remained less successful due to insufficient local knowledge and experience. The illustration of the Whistler Village has been cited as an ideal example of community-driven approach for tourism planning. It has been very rightly said that the future of tourism planning lies with a community-driven approach. The need for community participation in tourism planning must be felt and appreciated (Murphy, 1985a). This calls for the inclusion of strategic planning and community development standards in tourism planning processes. This will inevitably result in to the cohesive working of all the stakeholders, be it tourism industry associations, resident organizations, public organizations, government officials, social

Infantilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Infantilization - Essay Example This was an act of extending the legacy that was set by the Sykes-Picot treaty whose main intention was allowing them to govern the Muslim nations from far (Russo, 2013). However, this move did not go well for both Obama and Cameron as their nations as well as other world leaders such as Russia outright rejected their intentions; consequently, the west still is in dilemma on what best to do with the case in Syria. The geographical regions of the Persian, Arab and Turkish world that were set in 1917 have little resemblance with the current situation. The collapse of Ottoman Turks 400-year rule left an impoverished and backward Egypt, Arabia and Syria in which the current Palestine was a Syrian province. In contrast, the Arab nations are draining the western world coffers with the sale of millions of oil barrels. This has given them an economic capability to purchase the most advanced weaponry that rivals that in the western countries, and this has made these nations from the era of th e Sykes-Picot treaty to be military upright. Consequently, it is not clear why the Arab nations cannot make use of these arms to topple the tyrannical and homicidal leader like Assad. This shows clearly that the western nations have over-extended their patronage to the level of moral infantilization. If indeed the photos of the gassed children were something concrete to go by, the same reaction would have been elicited in Cairo, Riyadh or Istanbul. The silence of the leaders in the Muslim world indicates differing approach to world conflicts, and the same has been echoed by Chinese and Russian nations when they advocated complacency in dealing with the Syrian allegations (Russo, 2013). The use of Tomahawk missiles would bring solution to a government under the threat of being toppled by rebel groups. It will only make the problem worse for a war ravaged and decimated country. The western countries should allow the Arab nations to speak and solve their problems independently as no mi litary intervention can address these issues. The whine of cruise missiles should not be used as a precautionary tactic by the west as this creates the need for the Arab worlds to arm themselves in readiness for retaliatory attacks. To overcome these tribulations, the Arab world has to develop a loud moral voice to silence the western nations, and in this way, they will be in charge of their destiny while achieving peaceful resolutions. After the death of Kim Jong II’s the western media displayed footages of people crying, which in a way was meant to be negative publicity since it was possible to show people praising his leadership. Thus showing the North Korea populace in emotional distress was just meant to further the infantilization of the nation. This has created a situation where the current regime appeals are to emotions of already infantilized people. This culture has helped North Korea to weather down the economic crisis and to improve the loyalty of its citizen (Kiv ima?ki, 2012). The North Korea media recently released stamps commemorating Kim Jong II former North Korean leader who would have turned 72 if he were still alive. The stamps showing the deceased leaders as a child indicated stern and creepy motives, and this move was part of a larger plan to continue infantilizing Kim after his death in the late 2011. In the same light, the state media has continued to play Kim’

The future of tourism planning lies with a community-driven approach Essay

The future of tourism planning lies with a community-driven approach - Essay Example The general â€Å"host-guest† conflicts and stereotypes can be better overcome by tourism development through clearer local guidance which goes on to stimulate a superior stewardship of tourism resources. The participation of the stakeholders such as tourism operators, government, local residents, etc in tourism planning guides an improved fitting, longer enduring, and less exhausting tourism industry taking into consideration the local requirements, concerns, desires and abilities. Community involvement while preparing plans for tourism increases the abilities of the stakeholders thereby resulting in sustainable tourism development. Community-driven tourism planning highlights improved strategic and rational vision for growth of tourism. The approach depends upon the local residents and the community leaders who propose opportunities to clarify strengths and weaknesses for the social, economic and ecological well-being. The influence of community-driven approach assures touri sts’ satisfaction eliminating the experience of tourism as a source of anxiety and negative impact. The involvement of community in the process of tourism planning undoubtedly brings up flourishing impact on the tourism industry which otherwise would have remained less successful due to insufficient local knowledge and experience. The illustration of the Whistler Village has been cited as an ideal example of community-driven approach for tourism planning. It has been very rightly said that the future of tourism planning lies with a community-driven approach. The need for community participation in tourism planning must be felt and appreciated (Murphy, 1985a). This calls for the inclusion of strategic planning and community development standards in tourism planning processes. This will inevitably result in to the cohesive working of all the stakeholders, be it tourism industry associations, resident organizations, public organizations, government officials, social

Final Curriculum Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Final Curriculum Design - Essay Example This course is organised in such a way as to make it simple for students being introduced to the technical application of English in business context. There will be lessons on accessing relevant resources, assessment items and key events during the course which will be uploaded on the online university blackboard. The classrooms will hold between 10 and 20 students. This part seeks to guide the organisation of the syllabus as indicated by White (1988). The course seeks to consolidate previously gained English knowledge by the students and raise it to levels applicable in business context. It aims at improving skills in English listening, speaking and writing so as to enhance business communication. Consequently, the students will be expected to: iii. Further confidence when using English to execute business functions such as placing orders, speaking on the telephone, making reservations and handling irate customers, employee complaints and unreliable suppliers. This course employs context defined by Graves (2000) as the nature of the course, time, teaching resources, classroom set-up and the people. The lessons will be conducted on Saturdays and Tuesdays from 10.00 am, since in Saudi Arabia, the week begins on Saturday, each session taking two hours for 12 weeks summing up to 48 hours of teaching. The venue will be Najran College of Technology, Saudi Arabia being a country where English is not the first language, fitting within the example of Target Language – Removed Context cited by Graves (2008). The setting will adopt the European schooling approach described by Ahmad (2009) and Nunan (1999) as involving a teacher-fronted set-up with students seated in rows facing the teacher. Each classroom will have between 10 and 20 students having previous exposure to English since the instruction will presume Intermediate learning level. A triangulation approach will be applied for needs analysis supported by

Marble Chip Investigation Essay Example for Free

Marble Chip Investigation Essay Fair Test To make it a fair test and make my results more accurate I will try and keep all variables constant except the concentration of the acid. This will include weighing the marble chips every time and trying to use lumps of roughly the same size to keep the surface area fairly constant as a change in surface area will affect the rate of reaction. I will try and avoid a change in temperature and I will use the same equipment throughout the tests. Each concentration will be repeated at least once to improve accuracy as an average can be taken. Research The rate of reaction depends upon two factors, the number of collisions within a time between the reactants, and the fraction of these collisions that are successful. Therefore, the higher the concentration of the reactants, the higher the rate of reaction because there will be an increased number of collisions, this is called collision theory. However, for the reaction between the two reactants to be successful, they must collide with enough energy to react, the energy needed to react is known as  activation energy. This can be shown on a graph like the one below, I believe this graph is similar to what the energy diagram would be for my investigation. This shows that my chemical reaction will be exothermic, therefore it will release more energy than it uses to react. Therefore, at a higher concentration, there will be more reactions releasing energy in the form of heat that will enable more particles to reach their activation energy level and react. This shows that the rate of reaction will increase with the concentration of acid. Prediction After having done some research I feel that I can make an education prediction concerning what will happen during my investigation. I predict that the higher the concentration of acid I use, the faster the rate of reaction will be. I think this because the higher the concentration is, the more acid particles there will be to collide with the marble chip with enough energy to cause a reaction as explained in collision theory. I also believe that the rate of reaction will increase with concentration of acid because the chemical reaction I am doing is an exothermic reaction. Therefore, it will release energy as the reactions take place, this will give more energy to other particles around it and will cause the reaction to speed up as more particles reach their activation energy and collide with enough energy to react. Preliminary test results I started with 10g of marble chip and 100cm3 of 2M acid, the reaction was too fast and could not be accurately measured. I then tried 3g of marble chip with the same amount of 2M acid (100cm3), this worked fine, however, when the 0.4M concentration was tested the reaction was too slow and could not be accurately measured due to our scale. I then tried 6g of marble chip and it gave 135 cm3 of CO2 with the 2M concentration and 5 cm3 of CO2 with the 0.4M concentration. I felt that this would give us a good range of results so I  stuck with those measurements based on my preliminary tests. Observations When we had done our experiment we realised that we could benefit from some tests with other concentrations of acid to increase accuracy. Therefore we decided to do tests with 1.8M, 1.4M, 1M, 0.6M and 0.2M acid. However, when we did these tests they produced a much higher volume of carbon  dioxide than we would expect from our previous results. I came to the conclusion that this would have to be down to a change in one of the variables. Looking at the variables it was possible that it could have been temperature or surface area of the marble chips that caused the change, but as there had not been any large change in these variables it was unlikely that they would have such a clear affect on the results. After doing a few tests I found that it was the acid that I was using that had affected the results, I had started on a new batch of acid as the previous bottle had run out. Even though both batches of acid were labelled as being 2M, it was clear that one was stronger than the other and therefore increased the rate of reaction as the chance of acid particles colliding with the marble chip had been increased as there were more acid particles. Due to this, I plotted there results as a separate line, however, the results still show the same pattern and are therefore still useful in concluding the relation between gas given off and the concentration of acid, as explained by collision theory. Conclusion As you can see on the graph, both lines go up in a smooth curve. This shows that there is a correlation between concentration of acid and the volume of gas given off. As the concentration of acid increases so does the volume of gas, therefore they are proportional. The gradient of the line gets steeper as the concentration increases, this means that there was a larger increase of gas produced between 1.6M and 2M, than there was between 0.4M and 0.8M, even though the increase in concentration of acid was 0.4M in both. The graph shows that at higher concentrations of acid, more carbon dioxide was produced but in the same amount of time. This shows that at higher concentrations, the rate of reaction must have been faster to produce more products in the same time period. This can be explained by collision theory and the ideas on activation energy that I explained in my research and prediction. In my prediction I said that more gas would be given off with a higher  concentration, these results show that I was correct. This is because due to collision theory, in a low concentration of acid the acid particles are spread far apart. This means that there is very little chance of acid particles colliding with the marble chip with enough energy to react. In a high concentration, the acid particles are closer together as there is more of them within the same volume. This means that there is a much higher chance of collision with the marble chip, and there is more energy due to the energy being produced by the reaction, which is exothermic, this causes the reaction to be faster. This can be seen in my results, the 2M acid gave an average of 134.75cm3 of carbon dioxide, where the 0.4M concentration only gave an average of 4cm3 of carbon dioxide. The rate of reaction is reduced by a decrease of particles within the same space. Evaluation Accuracy of results I feel that my experiment was accurate because the results made a smooth curve on my graph. I did have a problem with the 1.8M, 1.4M, 1M, 0.6M and 0.2M acid results, as the acid appeared to be stronger than it was labelled. However, I resolved this problem by plotting the results as a separate line on my graph and they still showed a very similar curve to the other one showing the same relation between concentration of acid and the volume of gas given off. This shows that it was probably just the concentration of the acid that caused the problem and not my execution of the experiment that caused the results to be slightly different than what was expected. I think that my results could have been better as there was some variation between my four results for each of 2M, 1.6M, 1.2M, 0.8M, and 0.4M. However I do not feel this problem is major as the variations were relatively small as is shown by the error margins drawn on my graph, but there is still room for improvement. Possible Improvements If I was to do this investigation again I would try and keep some of the variables constant that I had less control over. The investigation was carried out over a few days so the classroom temperature may have varied. This could have had a slight effect on the rate of reaction making my results less accurate. Although the marble chips were roughly the same size they werent all exactly the same shape. If I could find a way to make the marble chips all the same shape and size then the investigation would be fairer as the surface area of the marble chips would be constant. If I was to do this investigation again I would try and use only one batch of acid for the whole experiment because as I found out, the acid supplied isnt always exactly the strength that it says it is. I would also try to use a more accurate piece of equipment to measure the volume of gas produced, using a measuring cylinder did not provide the best accuracy that was open to me. I could have achieved a higher level of accuracy with a buret.

Pets Are Family Members Too Sociology Essay

Pets Are Family Members Too Sociology Essay Almost every household lives with pets like dogs, cats and others. These pets are treated in a way like they are family members. Although people living with pets are offering great care to them, they are the same individuals inflicting pain and suffering on other animals. Billions of animals have had to content with unavoidable cruelty from the same persons who are supposed to protect them. Animals are equally treated as friends as well as enemies. They are domesticated as pets, however if the keeper finds it fit, they are slaughtered. Do animals really have rights? If so, are these rights similar to those of human beings? These are kind of questions which continue to puzzle human beings. In their endeavor to improve living standards either health wise or psychologically, man must interact with animals in at least one way. Historical evidence depicts that animals divine living things with equal or even better status morally than human beings. Such traditional beliefs were backed by religious and cultural tenets which regarded animals with some dignity. Despite this old perception of animals human beings have continued to view them as creatures to be overruled, owned and used (Regan, 67). Current controversies about animal rights are solidly based on heartless ways through which men across the world interact with animals. Agricultural practices which put animals in jeopardy, too much consumption of meat products and use of animals in uncertain experiments are perfect examples of human activities which contravene free existence of animals. It is ideally expected that animals should be left to stay in their natural habitats without interference from man. Any form of confinement and abuse of animals through entertainments deprive them of their freedom. Nevertheless, despite such happenings of undesirable interaction of animals with human beings, mitigation measures are continually reviewed to help in reducing adverse effects. Exercising responsible and sustainable practices are acts of stewardship in which human realizes the need of living in balance with fellow creatures. Many abuses are offset by such acts of stewardship and advocacy of protection and respect towards animals. Accepting animals as equal members of moral community is a philosophical stand taken by UNESCO. This accord has been vital in explaining the status of animals as property, their welfare and interests (McMillan 147). In addition, the duty of man towards animals wellness is also stipulated in the declaration. A number of questions have been asked about how ethically justified it is to use animals in experimental research activities which are meant to benefit human beings. Cosmetic industries are common violators of animal rights through this means. Helpless animals are suffering daily because human beings want to become more beautiful. Operations which alter genetic structure of animals seem to violate the rights of animals because they comprise changing of animals for ultimate benefit of man in a way which portray animals as mere human property. This is in contrary the desired treatment of animals as beings with their own value and dignity. Even if the animals are used in research for the sake of improving their lives, it is implicit that the subject animal will suffer some pain or restrain while being used as a sample in laboratories. A number of concerns have been raised over morality and ethicality of cloning technology. Although the technology is still in its formative stages, the society at large as well as animal rights advocates are contemplating acceptability of specific areas like Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Projections show that this technology may bring tremendous positive changes in ways of life (Silberman, 162). However, activists fear the fact that this technology may be misused in a way that restricts animal rights. As much as it might be argued that Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology is only unethical for use in human beings, the same is equally unfit for animal rights. Animal rights activists have a valid school of thought in their vehement argument against cloning. This document attempts to explore underlying research based facts and finding surrounding this sensitive topic of cellular biology. Theoretical framework Scientists have always received fierce criticism from ethics and religious advocates. Animal rights activists in religious perspective are very much concerned with the role of researcher in playing at God. Nevertheless human beings have always transformed the nature to suit their needs. As a matter of fact, interference with animals freedom is an old concept dating up to 5000 years ago. It is evident that improved productivity among animal farms is directly attributed to researches and selective breeding aimed at developing more productive and hardy species. Another optimistic approach towards genetic manipulation technology is the review of mileage attained in medicine. Life expectancy is on the rise in a number of regions in the world due to use on animals as test tools. Therefore, there are no reasons to suddenly stop animals based research suddenly on what is rather progress in improving humanity. Animal rights activists have had notable milestone in the past century with various governments using legislation to suitably formulate and alter laws touching on animals rights. For example, United States federal government has articulate laws governing the use of animals in laboratories. Outstanding provision of this legislation is the rights of animals used in laboratory to be free from suffering and pain. It also stipulates mechanism of alleviating suffering resulting from laboratory operations (Lacroix, 22). To sum it up, animal rights explore ways of introducing moral notion about people to animals welfare. It may not be possible to achieve absolute similarities because there are limiting cases such as impossibility to seek animals consent before treatment procedure is executed. In addition, animal rights involve entrenching basic protection for important features of animals nature into legislation. Cruelty towards animals can be looked at in two distinct perspectives. First is failure to take care of animals within ones custody. By accepting to take custody of any animal either as a pet or other use is taken to mean that the owner is liable for any mistreatment and abuse of animals. Relationship between man and animals has improved over time. Domestication of animals is as old as humanity itself. The nature offers a way of taking care of its in habitats. It is evident in ecological studies that animals can survive comfortably without the influence of man. It can thus be argued that taking animals away from their natural home is only justifiable if the taker is going to offer better services or at least the same as nature. Taking care of animals is a complex issue going beyond food supply and health care (Suen 18). Neglecting them is described by failure to supply correct food, water, housing and veterinary care. Animals who succumb to adverse effects of neglect experience the s ame suffering as those who are harmed by intention. This is so because prolonged suffering is equally bad as purposed harm. Researchers in animals psychology shows that some are emotionally sensitive. Therefore, man activities which affect animals emotionally must be carefully executed to avoid injuring them emotionally (De Haan, 150). Secondly, animals cruelty can as well be viewed as deliberately harming them. Some people who are mentally unstable may decide to relieve their anger in hurting or even killing the animals. Stabbing, shooting or hitting helpless animals because they are seen as unequal is one rude form of inhumane act. Although animals cannot be directly compared to human beings, nor do they enjoy similar privileges, they are entitled to fair treatment. An outstanding example of animals abuse is using them for transport. Donkeys which are normally referred to as beasts of burden suffer greatly in the hands of senseless people across the world. Using them for transport should be carefully monitored so as to avoid over loading them. Keeping animals for the sake of food is a major source of cruelty towards them. Ideally, it is a natural way of balancing ecosystem to slaughter them for food. Overdependence on this source of food contributes immensely to violation of animals rights. The process of slaughtering them has been in application for a long time. Different cultures all over the world have had clearly formulated processes of doing so. It is intended at reducing pain among the animals being killed for food. Killing animals for food should appear as the remaining option having exploited all other sources of food. It is in deed an inevitable procedure calling for humane ways of execution. If there is a way of terminating their lives in the quickest pain-free way possible, it would look better to the animal victims. Conclusion To conclude, maximum animals comfort has not been achieved yet. Efforts should be continually stepped up to not only protect them from mans brutality but also to make them comfortable. Major milestones realized by animal rights activists should be maintained so as to make the realized milestones relevant. On the side of research which is the highest contributor of animal cruelty requires close monitoring and evaluation. Pain inflicted on animals in laboratories must be absolutely necessary, however it should not occur. On the case where laboratory procedures are absolutely necessary, researchers must have in place mitigation measures to curb adverse effects of test drugs among the many disadvantages.

Essay --

The lady and the tiger was a story with no ending, this is bothersome because it truly left everybody wondering. That is quite possibly the brilliance of the story, it forces readers to ponder their thoughts and come up with their own ending. Love has a lot to do with the story â€Å"The Lady and the Tiger†. The story gives the princess fate over her lover. The problem arose because the princess’s father will not allow her to be with him. The story takes place in a kingdom and involves the king, the princess, and her lover. The princess’s decision on which door to gesture to her lover is presumed to have a large impact on the story, which it does however the question that is which door her lover opens remains un-answered. The princess will open the door with the lady behind it, she will be able to put her jealousy and romantic emotions behind human morality. The princess will lead the gentleman towards the door with the maiden behind it because it is highly unethical to kill a man because she will have to see them together. Human morality plays a large role in her decision to do this. The pain she experiences from seeing her lover with her enemy will fade. On the other hand, the pain she would experience from seeing him die in front of her eyes would linger on and on. Furthermore the pain of the reflection of that decision to kill him would bring her much regret. She would continue to question her morality and she would hurt from the decision she made for a very long time. In â€Å"The Lady or the Tiger† Stockton says â€Å"Had it not been for the moiety of barbarism in her nature it is probable that the lady would not have been there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stockton 4). That quote is proof that even though her father was semi barbaric, due to the moiety she and t... ...nd, that decision leads him to be hit in the face by the guard. Following the hit, he falls to the ground. When he stands up it is undeniably decision time. He looks up to the king and gives him a nod of respect, he also looks up at the princess and quickly gazes into her eyes. The princess subtly pointed to the left. She changed her mind; the door she now wanted him to go through was on the left. He steps forward accepting the princess’s suggestion to go to the left, he places his hand on the door handle. He stops and keeps his hand there for a few second then opens up the door and notices a beautiful maiden stepping out of it. Filled with joy, he wraps his arms around her and thanks God for letting him live. The priest and wedding singers follow close behind the maiden and in the arena the two are married. The obviously guilty had in fact just been found innocent.

Eid Ul Azha

Eid is a great festival for Muslims. There are two Eid occasion- Eid ul fitr and Eid ul adha. Muslims celebrate these festivals with great respect and pleasure. Eid ul fitr is celebrated after the month of Ramadan. Eid ul adha is celebrated in 10th Jilhajj. We celebrated Eid ul adha in last month. Eid ul adha remembers the prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son when God ordered him to. God appeared in a dream to Ibrahim and told him to sacrifice his son Isma'il. According to Islamic tradition, approximately four thousand years ago, the valley of Mecca (in what is now Saudi Arabia) was a dry, rocky and uninhabited place.Ibrahim was instructed to bring his Egyptian wife Hajirah and Ishmael, his only child at the time to Arabia from the land of Canaan by Allah's command. As Ibrahim was preparing for his return journey back to Canaan, Hajirah asked him, â€Å"Did Allah order you to leave us here? Or are you leaving us here to die. † Ibrahim turned around to face his wi fe. He was so sad that he couldn't say anything. He pointed to the sky showing that Allah commanded him to do so. Hajirah said, â€Å"Then Allah will not waste us; you can go†.Though Ibrahim had left a large quantity of food and water with Hajirah and Ishmael, the supplies quickly ran out, and within a few days the two began to feel the pangs of hunger and dehydration. Hajirah ran up and down between two hills called Al-Safa and Al-Marwah seven times, in her desperate quest for water. Exhausted, she finally collapsed beside her baby Ishmael and prayed to Allah for deliverance. Miraculously, a spring of water gushed forth from the earth at the feet of baby Ishmael. Other accounts have the angel Jibrail striking the earth and causing the spring to flow in abundance.With this secure water supply, known as the Zamzam Well, they were not only able to provide for their own needs, but were also able to trade water with passing nomads for food and supplies. Years later, Ibrahim was i nstructed by Allah to return from Canaan to build a place of worship adjacent to Zamzam well Ibrahim and Ishmael constructed a stone and mortar structure —known as the Kaaba— which was to be the gathering place for all who wished to strengthen their faith in Allah. As the years passed, Ishmael was blessed with Prophethood (Nubuwwah) and gave the nomads of the desert his message of submission to Allah.After many centuries, Mecca became a thriving desert city and a major center for trade, thanks to its reliable water source, the well of Zamzam. One of the main trials of Ibrahim's life was to face the command of Allah to devote his dearest possession, his only son. Upon hearing this command, he prepared to submit to Allah's will. During this preparation, Satan (Shaitan) tempted Ibrahim and his family by trying to dissuade them from carrying out Allah's commandment, and Ibrahim drove Satan away by throwing pebbles at him.In commemoration of their rejection of Satan, stones are thrown at symbolic pillars signifying Satan during the Hajj rites. When Ishmael was about 13 (Ibrahim being 99), Allah decided to test their faith in public. Ibrahim had a recurring dream, in which Allah was commanding him to offer his son as a sacrifice – an unimaginable act – sacrificing his son, which Allah had granted him after many years of deep prayer. Ibrahim knew that the dreams of the prophets were divinely inspired, and one of the ways in which Allah communicated with his prophets.When the intent of the dreams became clear to him, Ibrahim decided to fulfill Allah's command and offer Ishmael for sacrifice. Although Ibrahim was ready to sacrifice his dearest for Allah's sake, he could not just go and drag his son to the place of sacrifice without his consent. Ishmael had to be consulted as to whether he was willing to give up his life as fulfillment to Allah's command. This consultation would be a major test of Ishmael's maturity in faith, love and commitm ent for Allah, willingness to obey his father and sacrifice his own life for the sake of Allah.Ibrahim presented the matter to his son and asked for his opinion about the dreams of slaughtering him. Ishmael did not show any hesitation or reservation even for a moment. He said, â€Å"Father, do what you have been commanded. You will find me, Insha'Allah (Allah willing), to be very patient. † His mature response, his deep insight into the nature of his father’s dreams, his commitment to Allah, and ultimately his willingness to sacrifice his own life for the sake of Allah were all unprecedented.Ibrahim could not bear to watch his son die so he covered his eyes by a blindfold. When he cut Ishmael's throat and removed the blindfold, he was astonished to see that Ishmael was unharmed and instead, he found a dead sheep which was slaughtered. Ibrahim had passed the test by his willingness to carry out Allah's command. As a reward for this sacrifice, Allah then granted Ibrahim the good news of the birth of his second son, Is-haaq. And We gave him the good news of Is-haaq, a prophet from among the righteous.Ibrahim had shown that his love for Allah superseded all others: that he would lay down his own life or the lives of those dearest to him in submission to Allah's command. Muslims commemorate this ultimate act of sacrifice every year during Eid al-Adha. I celebrated Eid ul adha with my family in Chittagong. Our eid vacation was started 17 October. I went to Chittagong with a great pleasure. Before 3 days of eid my father bought a cow to sacrifice for Allah. The eid was celebrated at 27th October. On that day I take bath in 7. 00 am.Then I help my mother in cooking. My father was going to slay cow and collect beef. My father returned home at 1. 00 pm. Then my mother cooked meat. At afternoon I get out with my friends. I visited my friends’ house. My friends were gathering in one of my friend’s house and chatting. At 9. 00 pm I returned home . I took my supper with my family. I was tired but I enjoyed the festival. After 7 days I returned to Dhaka. It was an enjoyable Eid celebration. Dhaka is a busy city. Everyone is busy with his own business. I miss my Eid days in this busy life. â€Å"Thank You†