38 países que pueden ingresar a EE.UU. sin visa

38 paà ­ses que pueden ingresar a EE.UU. sin visa Los ciudadanos de 38 paà ­ses pueden ingresar sin visa a Estados Unidos cuando la finalidad de su viaje es hacer turismo, negocios o recibir tratamiento mà ©dico en aplicacià ³n del Programa de Exencià ³n o Exoneracià ³n de visas (VWP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En este artà ­culo se informa sobre cules son esos paà ­ses, cà ³mo aplica el VWP a las personas con doble nacionalidad, en quà © circunstancias se pierde este privilegio para viajar sin visa, cundo es obligatorio solicitar una Autorizacià ³n de Viaje conocida como ESTA y, finalmente, los inconvenientes de viajar sin visa a Estados Unidos, el caso especial de los canadienses y consejos para evitar tener problemas como turistas. Listado de 38 paà ­ses autorizados a ingresar sin visa Pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos sin visa al amparo del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados los ciudadanos de los siguientes paà ­ses cuando el fin del viaje es turismo, negocios o tratamiento mà ©dico: AlemaniaAndorraAustraliaAustriaBà ©lgicaBruneiChileCorea del SurDinamarcaEslovaquiaEsloveniaEspaà ±aEstoniaFinlandiaFranciaGreciaHolandaHungrà ­aIslandiaIrlandaItaliaJapà ³nLetoniaLiechtensteinLituaniaLuxemburgoMaltaMà ³nacoNoruegaNueva ZelandaPortugalReino Unido (sà ³lo Inglaterra, Escocia, Gales, Irlanda del Norte, Islas del Canal y de Man)Repà ºblica ChecaSan MarinoSingapurSueciaSuizaTaiwan Doble nacionalidad y VWP Frecuentemente se da el caso de que personas de Latinoamà ©rica tienen, adems, un pasaporte incluido en el listado de VWP, como por ejemplo, el espaà ±ol, el italiano o el portuguà ©s. Este beneficio  aplica tambià ©n, en principio, a esas personas que tienen doble nacionalidad. Es decir, aunque hayan nacido y vivan habitualmente en un paà ­s no incluido en el VWP si adems tienen un pasaporte de un paà ­s sà ­ incluido pueden utilizar este à ºltimo para ingresar y salir de EE.UU. sin visa para negocios o turismo. Por supuesto, no estn obligados a hacerlo, pero pueden si desean evitarse pagar por una visa y la visita al consulado o Embajada para la entrevista de solicitud. Sin embargo, existe una importante excepcià ³n a esa regla general y es que si una persona con doble nacionalidad tiene negada la solicitud de una visa americana o ha tenido una y le ha sido cancelada o revocada no puede viajar a EE.UU. con su otro pasaporte y sin pedir visa. Por ejemplo, un colombiano con doble nacionalidad colombiana y espaà ±ola que ha pedido una visa de turista a Estados Unidos con el pasaporte colombiano y la solicitud fue negada no puede ingresar a Estados Unidos sin visa con un pasaporte espaà ±ol. Requisitos bsicos y autorizacià ³n previa conocida como ESTA Para ingresar a Estados Unidos sin visa es necesario, adems de pertenecer a un paà ­s incluido en la lista de los VWP, cumplir los siguientes requisitos: En primer lugar, el fin de ingresar a Estados Unidos es una visita como turista, para hacer negocios o tratamiento mà ©dico. Por ejemplo, no se puede estudiar a tiempo completo ni cursos de inglà ©s ni educaciones ms regladas. En segundo lugar, para viajar sin visa es imprescindible no haber tenido jams una peticià ³n de visa negada, ni con un pasaporte de un paà ­s incluido en el VWP ni con otro. En tercer lugar, si se llega a EE.UU. por avià ³n en una aerolà ­nea comercial es necesario obtener previamente una autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica aprobada (ESTA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s).Si se llega en avià ³n privado es necesario solicitar una visa regular. Si se ha viajado con anterioridad a Estados Unidos, se requiere haber cumplido con todos los requisitos migratorios, como salir no quedarse ms tiempo del permitido. En esos casos, la solicitud de la ESTA serà ­a rechazada. Si se entra a Estados Unidos por visa terrestre no se pide la ESTA previamente al viaje, sino que se llena el formulario I-94W una vez que se est en el puesto migratorio. En otras palabras, se necesita pedir la ESTA si se llega a Estados Unidos por avià ³n comercial o barco y no se necesita si se llega por và ­a terrestre. En cuarto lugar, hay que tener un pasaporte electrà ³nico con fotografà ­a digital y chip. En la actualidad, prcticamente todos son ya asà ­. Finalmente, no se puede estar en la categorà ­a de inadmisible o inelegible para una visa americana. Si el oficial en el control del paso migratorio al llegar a Estados Unidos detecta alguna de esas circunstancias entonces rechazar permitir el ingreso al paà ­s de la persona extranjera. Excepcià ³n que aplica y no se puede viajar sin visa No pueden viajar sin visa a pesar de tener un pasaporte de un paà ­s incluido en el VWP y deben aplicar por una B-2 las personas que se encuentran en una de estas dos situaciones siguientes: han viajado a Irn, Irak, Libia, Somalia, Sudn, Siria o Yemen  con fecha el  1 de marzo de 2011 o posteriormente.tienen doble nacionalidad con Irn, Irak, Siria o Sudn. Si tuvieran una ESTA en activo, à ©sta se ha cancelado y ya no sirve para viajar a Estados Unidos. El Secretario de Seguridad Interna (Homeland Security) puede permitir excepciones a esa regla para personas que hayan viajado a esos paà ­ses por negocios legà ­timos, por ser periodistas o por ser miembros de organizaciones internacionales u ONGs. Tambià ©n se permiten excepciones cuando la presencia responda a fines diplomticos o militares. Inconvenientes de ingresar a EE.UU. sin visa Ingresar sin visa tiene las ventajas de que no hay que pagar la cuota por la misma y que no hay que acudir a la entrevista en el consulado. Sin embargo, viajar sin visa puede tener una importante desventaja y es que bajo ninguna circunstancia la estancia en EE.UU. puede ser superior a 90 dà ­as. No es posible pedir una ampliacià ³n de la estancia ni pedir un cambio a una visa. La à ºnica posibilidad es salir del paà ­s o, en caso contrario, la persona se quedar en situacià ³n de ilegal desde el punto de vista migratorio. Para ampliar a ese plazo no se puede intentar engaà ±ar al sistema saliendo por unos dà ­as a Canad, Mà ©xico o Bahamas. No se van a obtener dà ­as extras. Paà ­ses con los que se negocia posible inclusià ³n en programa VWP Desde hace aà ±os, los Estados Unidos est negociando ampliar el programa a otros nueve paà ­ses. Pero no hay fecha de cunto eso podrà ­a convertirse en una realidad. Son estos: ArgentinaBrasilBulgariaChipreIsraelPoloniaRumanà ­aTurquà ­aUruguay Argentina y Uruguay ya pertenecieron a este grupo. El primero fue excluido en 2002 y el segundo un aà ±o ms tarde. Ciudadanos de Canad, pasos migratorios Los canadienses pueden entrar sin visa a Estados Unidos como turistas por un plazo mximo de seis meses. No pertenecen al grupo de VWP. Simplemente no necesitan visado. Para acelerar el paso de control migratorio en los aeropuertos, los ciudadanos de estos paà ­ses del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados pueden utilizar el sistema APC (control de pasaportes automatizado). Si se desea aprender ms, se recomienda tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples para asegurarte de que conoces todas las reglas fundamentales sobre viajar sin visa y la autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica conocida como ESTA. Para no tener problemas, lo mejor es evitarlos sabiendo cà ³mo. Evitar errores y disfrutar Estados Unidos como turista Para conservar tanto la visa de turista como el derecho a ingresar sin visa, es importante evitar estos  8 errores. Adems es importante conocer cules son las consecuencias  de quedarse ms tiempo del permitido  en los Estados Unidos y con  cunta frecuencia se puede ingresar  sin problemas.   Si se desea aprender ms, se recomienda tomar este  test de respuestas mà ºltiples  para asegurarte de que conoces todas las reglas fundamentales sobre viajar sin visa y la autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica conocida como ESTA. Para no tener problemas, lo mejor es evitarlos sabiendo cà ³mo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Freud COM 315 Essay

Freud COM 315 Essay Freud COM 315 Essay Freud interpreted dream, within his study he discovered psychoanalysis of dream. He explained the way our mind and thoughts are interpreted when we sleep. Freud claimed that repressed some of our dreams without even knowing. He also related many sexual relationships to our dreams, these sexual stages started when we were babies and lead up to our current age. Freud focuses on symbolism, symbolism in dreams played a major role in understanding, this gave the dreamer a better understanding of there dream and left no room for what this symbol meant: â€Å"Symbols are stable translations, they realize to some extent the ideal of the ancient as well as the popular interpretation of dreams, from which, with our technique, we had departed widely.† Another analysis is he claims we have a ‘manifest dream’, this is the part of the dream that we choose to remember. The ‘latent dream’ is where there is hidden meaning. Also along with symbolism, is the sexual symbol on our dreams, like an oven represents a child in the womb and trees and umbrellas can be related to male genitalia. Children and siblings in dreams can be seen as animals. A criticism on Freud’s work claims, â€Å"We are not, aware of everything that is going on in our minds, only that we are aware of little that is going on in our minds, only a small portion of our mental life is accessible to us.† We don’t know what these dreams means, which relates to the ‘manifest dream’, were the unconscious disguises the dream so we don’t know and never will know the inner meaning. Many people criticize Freud’s theory and say it’s â€Å"ridiculous†, â€Å"pencils and cigars as penises is simply absurd.† I believe this in trying to relate my dreams to what goes on in my life just doesn’t make sense. I try to just think of my dreams as media, just made imagery from my mind, something to keep me sleeping throughout the night, ‘sleep entertainment’, much like the entertainment we watch on television. If I dream of a an oven and baking, does this relate to birth (bun in oven), I d on’t think so, I use my oven everyday to cook â€Å"an oven is just an oven,† or as the criticism of Freud says, â€Å" Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.† When fairytales plays a role with dreams it has been said that a king and queen can be related to one’s mother and father. A person looks to their parents as these powerful fairytale characters in their dreams. I have to partly disagree because i grew up without parents and it’s hard for me to make a king and queen symbolize parents when I had my grandmother raise me. As for my daughter, who has grown up with the ‘norm’ mother and father, she may dream of kings and queens and relate this to my husband and I. Freud says that dreams have narrative structure just like the movies we see, so this is why he believes they have so much meaning just as the shows we watch. The

Regulation in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Regulation in the United States - Essay Example With regulations, business people can conduct transactions without damaging the environment and people’s health. Regulations ensure that the products produced are of top quality and user-friendly (Vogel and David 146). In essence, were it not for regulations, control of some disease and illicit business behaviors would have been very challenging. Government regulations have enhanced steady growth of infant industries and business enterprises in the United States. For instance, government control on foreign trade aid in preventing excessive importation of products from other countries in order to secure local market for the infant industries. In addition, regulations assist in shielding small business from unhealthy competition and misuse by already established enterprises. For instance, the United States patents and trademarks office shields business innovations and particular products from infringement by opponents. Essentially, regulations form a reliable benchmark for smaller business to expand without unhealthy interruptions. Government regulations are sometimes tailored to raise revenue required to run government programs and projects. For instance, revenue raised through taxation and fines paid by people and businesses that fail to comply with the established regulations, is used for development programs. Generally, regulations play a key role in bringing developments close to the poor citizens. Business enterprises incur huge expenses to remain in compliance with the government regulations (Vogel and David 265). In addition, companies are forced to change methods of operation in order to comply with new and the existing regulations. The additional expenses that companies incur in fulfilling the requirements outlined in government regulations is passed to the consumer through increased prices. Consequently, the cost of living rises, making it difficult for poor people to survive. Some regulations such as tariff barriers and increased quota system

Beginnings of Bionic Flexible, stretchable electronics could launch Essay - 1

Beginnings of Bionic Flexible, stretchable electronics could launch cyborg era - Essay Example A common goal of these groups of scientists is to develop products that are efficient in performance. These are aimed to aid in the deliverance of therapeutic regimens and also in patient examination for vital symptoms (Rosen 18). Rosen goes ahead to provide examples of ongoing strategies in this interesting field combining physics, biomedical and biological sciences. For instance, she gives novel innovations carried out by a scientist at the University of Illinois. In his study, the group has focused in the advancement and development of gadgets that can detect unpredictable beats or spasms and bring these impulses back to normal. Such devices are beneficial in the treatment and control of epileptic seizures that account for neurobehavioral comorbidities worldwide (Rosen, 18). The incorporation of electronics within the human body continue to provide phenomenal advancement in terms of medical care and treatment. The integration of easy to bend electronics into balloon catheters, surgical gloves and stitches is extremely important complex health conditions diagnosis. Rosen implies that although these studies possess a brighter future, they are equally faced with myriad of challenges. This is because most of these studies make use of silicon that has also been used in the manufacture of computer chips. A disadvantage of this material is attributed to its mechanical properties of brittleness and hardness. However, this material has dominated global research in terms of its purification, doping and manufacturing of devices out of the silicon. As expected, research continues to go on with the aim of making silicon blend within the human body. For instance, Rogers and his research group are devising ways of coming up with ultrathin ribbons out of silicon. Such ribbons are capable of stretching and being flexible without any breakage tendencies. These silicon ribbons have been used in epidermal research whereby they have been used in sensing changes in

A computerized system enhanced our life style Essay Example for Free

A computerized system enhanced our life style Essay With the beginning of the modernization in education, one way to globalize the process of research is to realize that technology is advancing at an increasing fast pace. At the present time, IT is making extremely demand in our society. It is a very useful material to help us in our job like minimizing our time in doing our works. It brings us a quick result in a short period of time. These computer technologies usually use now a day in different aspects because it helps them a lot in terms of their services. It usually helped them in monitoring. Since computers are used in every possible field today, it becomes an important issue to understand and build these computerized systems in an effective way. The goal is to work smarter, get real value from efforts, increase efficiency, and save time. In this new generation, technology is the most important advancement, a necessity in bringing about progress as we move along in this computerized world. The relationship between the library and computer is constantly changing that the use of computer contributes to the way man learns and communicates. A library is a collection of books, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. Librarians have the responsibility to manage and to know about the ways and means in using methods or techniques for effective use of the library. And by providing this library systems librarians can manage her time and effort easier. Library is no different from any firm and institution or even organizations, if considering the use of computer to perform a given task will be efficient. The main purpose of library is to provide conductive learning tool and place for the student and other client in order to attain good and high quality education. And so, the aim of this study is to offer solution to the problem regarding library circulation, procedures and management, and to provide a user-friendly system to their ease and comfort. The proposed system basically responses to the needs of the librarians and students body and to improve the current library process. Especially in the circulation of borrowing, returning, inventory of books at the end of the day, including the logging in and outs in the internet side of the library. OBJECTIVES * To proposed a systemized way of keeping and filling of the entire book’s information in the library of CSU-Carig. * To improve and further develop the library materials and files in an organized manner. * To encourage the students and others, to use library materials and services for recreation by the help of the system. * To properly provide for the information needs of the students and other library users. * To facilitate properly the cycle of borrowing, finding, and using of books. * To help the librarian ease his or her works and in a lesser time. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM General: The difficulty in keeping, maintaining, managing different procedures in the library, which eventually leads to a series of books and data loses misplacement and jumbled files. Specific: * How to provide a system to solve library transaction. * Librarian spends a hard time sorting files in the library. * Librarian finds difficulty in finding the desired files needed. * The students also found out that the library books and other reading materials are not kept in a desired place.( not well arranged) * How can files and records be available at desired time and date? * What are the outputs needed for the system in order for the librarian to easily access data if needed? * What are the inputs needed in the system in order for the students or staffs or visitors to be able to log in or log out when entering or borrowing books. * What are the information and data needed to put up a computerized library system? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The proposed library system improves productivity and it will help for a faster and easier processing, updating and accessing data around the library circulation. Sufficient information is also provided easily if needed. * Significance for the Librarian The effort and time of the librarian in sorting and arranging the files will be reduced, and maximizes his or her awareness of the unnecessary action of the library users. Needed report and files are easily updated by the use of the system. Less paper woks. * Significance for Students, Staffs and other Library Users The proposed library system could help student for an easier and faster finding of books. System also provides an availability of a longer time of reading because of the overnight book scheduling. No limitations of reading books, just because of the forgotten library cards. The proposed library system is reliable, well-organized and can access data within a desired period of time. It can handle a large amount of data and information. And they can use it as a basic in developing useful systems. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION This offered system contains activities of the library system of CSU-CARIG, where collecting of data were done, processed and modified to have better analysis and output based on the objectives and possible solutions for the said problems of the study. The system limits on the following transactions: * Borrowing Page * Returning Page * Book Information Page (availability) * Book Account Page * Overnight Page * Internet page (log in and log out) The current library system of CSU requires more work and time in processing files, books, and user’s data, therefore, if the system is being carry out, the process will surely became faster, well-organized, reliable, and easy to use and access by the library facilitators and users. Softwares to be use: Visual Basic and MySQL DEFENITION OF TERMS * Computerized library system- a system that carries, control and calculate the library information by means of computers. * System- a set of construction/arrangement of things proportional to each other that work together to perform a task. * Process- a sequence of steps undertaken by a program. * Data- raw material that will be processed. * Information- processed data. * Globalize- the development of an increasingly integrated global economy. * Database-a systematically arranged collection of computer data and structured so that it can be automatically retrieved or manipulated. * Library-a collection of useful material for common use, is the warehouse of the information and knowledge.

Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry David Thoreau and the Voices of the Oppres

Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry David Thoreau and the Voices of the Oppressed      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There have been many writers who dedicated much of their work towards representing the voices of the oppressed. Among them are Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry David Thoreau. Although these authors were dedicated to the same cause they approached the subject from their own perspective, reflecting on an issue that was relevant to their position in life. Their literature was used to address, or in some cases attack, problems within society such as race, equality, and gender. The voices of Stowe, and Thoreau were used as an instrument in representing the injustices of those who had no one else to protect them. Oddly enough, this protection was from the very government which declared "equal rights" for all men. Harriet Beecher Stowe is perhaps best known for her work entitled Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a heart-wrenching story about the treatment and oppression of slaves. Uncle Tom’s Cabin brings to life the evils of slavery and questions the moral and religious values of those who condoned or participated in such a lifestyle. While the factual accuracy of this work has been criticized by advocators of both slavery and abolition it is widely believed that the information contained was drawn from Stowe’s own life experiences (Adams 62). She was the seventh child and youngest daughter in her family. She was only four years old when her mother died, which left the young Harriet Beecher little protection from her "Fatherà ¢s rugged character and doctrinal strictness" (Adams 19). To further complicate matters she was aware that her father preferred she had been a boy. According to Adams, although Stoweà ¢s childhood was not entirely unhappy she would never forget... ...n Wilderness is Thoreau." Henry David Thoreau: Studies and Commentaries. Ed. Walter Harding et al. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickenson UP, 1972. 19. Slavery Source: "Biographical ketch of the Authoress." Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Uncle Tomà ¢s emancipation, earthly care and heavenly discipline; and other tales and sketches. 1853. fiche E441.S645 no.354, card 1. xx. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. "Declaration of Sentiments." The Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ,1998. 2035. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. "Uncle Tomà ¢s Cabin." 1852. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 2325, 2326. Thoreau, Henry David/ "Resistance to Civil Disobedience." 1849. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 2090, 2094. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry David Thoreau and the Voices of the Oppres Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry David Thoreau and the Voices of the Oppressed      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There have been many writers who dedicated much of their work towards representing the voices of the oppressed. Among them are Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry David Thoreau. Although these authors were dedicated to the same cause they approached the subject from their own perspective, reflecting on an issue that was relevant to their position in life. Their literature was used to address, or in some cases attack, problems within society such as race, equality, and gender. The voices of Stowe, and Thoreau were used as an instrument in representing the injustices of those who had no one else to protect them. Oddly enough, this protection was from the very government which declared "equal rights" for all men. Harriet Beecher Stowe is perhaps best known for her work entitled Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a heart-wrenching story about the treatment and oppression of slaves. Uncle Tom’s Cabin brings to life the evils of slavery and questions the moral and religious values of those who condoned or participated in such a lifestyle. While the factual accuracy of this work has been criticized by advocators of both slavery and abolition it is widely believed that the information contained was drawn from Stowe’s own life experiences (Adams 62). She was the seventh child and youngest daughter in her family. She was only four years old when her mother died, which left the young Harriet Beecher little protection from her "Fatherà ¢s rugged character and doctrinal strictness" (Adams 19). To further complicate matters she was aware that her father preferred she had been a boy. According to Adams, although Stoweà ¢s childhood was not entirely unhappy she would never forget... ...n Wilderness is Thoreau." Henry David Thoreau: Studies and Commentaries. Ed. Walter Harding et al. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickenson UP, 1972. 19. Slavery Source: "Biographical ketch of the Authoress." Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Uncle Tomà ¢s emancipation, earthly care and heavenly discipline; and other tales and sketches. 1853. fiche E441.S645 no.354, card 1. xx. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. "Declaration of Sentiments." The Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ,1998. 2035. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. "Uncle Tomà ¢s Cabin." 1852. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 2325, 2326. Thoreau, Henry David/ "Resistance to Civil Disobedience." 1849. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 2090, 2094.

Administrative Discretion – Essay

Administrative Discretion NAME SCHOOL Should public administrators be restricted to only laid down rules in the discharge of their duties as espoused by Max Weber or should they have some amount of discretion? To me that is a very open question in regards to public administration and depending on the situation either administrators’ following guidelines is best or administrators following their best discretion can be the best for the situation at hand. So when answering this question I can go either way, situation and circumstances permitting. In this paper I will go into further detail to explain why both sides of this question are equally applicable. When situations arise and public administrators have to make decisions in regards to the public safety, environmental safety, or the safety of anything in general it is important that they follow the laid down rules that their duties are bound by. Legal-rational authority â€Å"is based on a belief in the legitimacy of the pattern of normative rules and the rights of those elevated to authority under such rules to issue commands† (1). This can also be translated into â€Å"follow the rules of society! Everything has always worked better if everyone and everything follows this bureaucratic rule of thumb. One situation where public administrators should have been held to follow the laid down rules in regards to their duties was the finalization of the DoD, or Department of Defense’s budget. The ultimate work around was an extension to make a decision and funds w ere allocated for the mean time but potentially this could have been a major freeze on the majority of DoD operations to include the Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy, and Coast Guard. On the other hand, there is another option that makes sense. Public administrators, while following the laid down rules they are to follow, can be very effective when allowed varying amounts of discretion in their actions. Weber states that legal-rational authority is â€Å"†¦superior to any other form in precision, in stability, in stringency of its discipline, and in its reliability. It thus makes possible a particularly high degree of calculability of results for the heads of organizations and for those acting in relation to it† (1). Now taking that this type of bureaucracy that is followed works very well, in my career in the military I have learned that when particular situations arise, flexibility and speed is key. Thus in turn, public administrators are allowed that extra bit of flexibility just like in the case study 5 – Wichita Confronts Contamination. City Manager Chris Cherches used the flexibility he had managing the city and was able to save the city and state thousands if not millions of dollars that would be wasted if the EPA had been forced to manage the city’s cleanup operation. Cherches swift action, flexibility and determination in service to his city was detrimental to not only saving the cost that would have been brought to the city and state but his actions show how being allowed the discretion in his position actually provided a better outcome than not. Ultimately, flexibility or discretion is the deciding factor when it comes to getting the positive result or outcome of any situation. When it comes down to it, it is the actual situation or circumstance that dictates what the best course of action is to be, whether it is to follow the rules down to the letter or to have the discretion to make the decisions that will ultimately be the deciding factor in the positive outcome. With the examples give, on one hand you have congress who cannot come to an agreement over the finalization of a budget for the arm of the government, the Department of Defense and luckily was able to extend the term of the budget freeing up an allocated amount of funds. On the other was the City Manager of Wichita, Kansas who was able to save not only the city but the state countless amounts of money in a cleanup operation. So as you can see it is not a question of what is right, answer A all of the time or answer B all of the time, it is the question of which situation applies; can you use answer A, answer B for the particular situation. In the real world, situation and circumstances dictate all actions and outcomes. References: 1. Stillman, R. J. , II (2010). Public Administration, Concepts and Cases. Boston, MA: Wadsworth